How the modern ethnic map of the world was formed. Ethnographic map Ethnic map of the USSR

Russians in the USSR outside the Russian Federation in 1989

Russians in the Caucasus in 1989-2003.

Russians in Latvia, 2012

The share of Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians according to the 2011 population census. By parishes and cities of Latvia.

The share of Russians among the population of Estonia in 2010 according to the Estonian Department of Statistics

Russian Old Believers of Estonia
Indicated in red on the map populated areas Russian Old Believers in Estonia.

The share of Russians among the total population of the Baltic countries according to the 2000 and 2001 census data

The share of Russians among the population of different regions (according to the 2001 census)

The share of Russians among the entire population of Moldova according to the 2004 census

SLAVIC LANGUAGES OF EASTERN EUROPE

Slavic languages. According to the publication of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Languages ​​of the World”, volume “Slavic Languages”, M., 2005

Russians in the USA in 2000

Distribution of Russian Americans according to the 2000 census. US communities with high percentages of people of Russian ancestryThe top US communities with the highest percentage of people applying Russian ancestry are:Pikesville, Maryland 19.30%Roslyn Estates, New York 18.60%Hewlett Harbor, New York 18.40%East Hills, New York 18.00% Wishek, North Dakota 17.40%Eureka, South Dakota 17.30%Beachwood, Ohio 16.80%Penn Wynne, Pennsylvania 16.70%Kensington, New York and Mayfield, Pennsylvania 16.20%Napoleon, North Dakota 15.80%Lake Success, New York 15.60%Woodbury, New York 15.50%Jericho, New York 15.30%Highland Park, Illinois 15.20%Great Neck Estates, New York 14.80%Great Neck Plaza, New York and Roslyn Harbor, New York 14.60%Lido Beach, New York 14.50%Woodmere, New York and Russell Gardens , New York 14.30%Garrison, Maryland and Goldens Bridge, New York 14.00%Thomaston, New York 13.80%Linton, North Dakota and Glen Ullin, North Dakota 13.60%Buffalo Grove, Illinois 13.50%Sharon, Massachusetts 13.20%Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania 12.80%Aventura, Florida 12.40%Moraine Township, Illinois 12.20%West Hollywood, California 12.10%Viola, New York 12.00%Morganville, New Jersey 11.80%North Hills, New York and Deerfield, Illinois 11.70%Riverwoods, Illinois 11.50%Bal Harbor, Florida 11.40%Chappaqua, New York 11.30%Hidden Hills, California 11.10%Wesley Hills, New York 11.00%Highland Beach, Florida and Atlantic Beach, New York 10.90%Bayside, Wisconsin and Brookville, New York 10.80%Sands Point, New York and both the village and town of Scarsdale, New York 10.70%Huntington Woods, Michigan 10.50%Glencoe, Illinois, Northbrook, Illinois and Vernon Township, Illinois 10.40%Pomona, New York, Lower Merion, Pennsylvania and Palm Beach, Florida 10.30%Plainview, New York 10.20%Fair Lawn, New Jersey, Port Washington North, New York and Mandan, North Dakota 10.10%Millburn, New Jersey 10.00%

Russians in Karachay-Cherkessia in 2002

Russians in Dagestan in 1995

Russians in Ossetia and Ingushetia in 1992

Russians in Abkhazia in 1992

Russians in the USSR 1974.

Russians in Central Asia in the USSR in the 1970s.

Russians in the Caucasus in the first half of the 1960s

Ethnographic map USSR 1962

Russians in Abkhazia in 1959

Russians in Kabardino-Balkaria in 1959

Russians in Georgia, regions of Kartli and Javakheti in 1959

Russians in Georgia, Kakheti region in 1959

Russians (European part) in 1958

Dialectical maps of Russians in the 20th century (1914 and 1965)

Ethnic map of Dagestan 1953

Ethnographic map of the USSR 1930

"Europa Ethnograpfica", "Touring Club Italiano", 1929

clickable ~9.55MB

Russians in the Caucasus in 1926

clickable ~1.72MB

Russians in Ingushetia in 1926

Ethnographic map of Kabardino-Balkaria 1926

Ethnographic map of Karachay-Cherkessia 1926

Ethnic map of Europe in 1923

Caucasus. Cossacks before 1921

"Map of the Race of Europe", Edwin A. Grosvenor, LL.D. & Gilbert Grosvenor, A.M., National Geographic Magazine, Washington, 1919

clickable ~7.27MB

"Cart Ethnographique de L'Europe", J.Gabris, “Institut Geographique Kummerly&Frey”, Berne, 1918

clickable ~9.15MB

"Volkerkarte von Europa", Arthur Haberlandt & G. Freytags, Vienna, 1915

clickable ~8.46MB

1763 - 1913. 150 years of Russian colonization of the Caucasus under Tsarist Russia

Russians in Moldova 1923

Ethnographic map of the European part of Russia 1907

Ethnographic map of the Asian part of Russia 1905

Ethnographic map of the European part of the Russian Empire, 1898.

"Ethnographische karte von Europa""Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon" , 14th Edition, Leipzig, 1892-1895

clickable ~2.63MB

Russians in the Caucasus. 1890

Ethnographic map of Dagestan at the beginning of the 20th century

"Europa. Volker- und Sprachenkart""Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" , 4th Edition, Leipzig, 1885-1890

clickable ~0.73MB

"Carte Ethnographique de L'Europe", J.Geisendorfer, “La Géographie militaire de A.Marga”, Paris, 1885

clickable ~3.01MB

"Volkerkarte von Russland"

clickable ~8.83MB

"Volkerkarte von Asien", Richard Andree, Leipzig, 1881

clickable ~8.88MB

"Ethnographic map of Europe", Richard Andrew, 1895

clickable ~9.22MB

A.F. Rittich. Map of Western and Southern Slavs. 1885

(Rittich F.A. Slavic world. Historical and geographical research. Warsaw, 1885.)

A.F. Rittich. Ethnographic map European Russia. 1875

Localities in Alaska inhabited by Russians before 1867 (without Fort Ross in California, sold to the Americans in 1841).

"Ethnographische Karte von Europa", Heinrich Berghaus, Gotha, 1847

clickable ~8.92MB

Russians in the Caucasus in 1774

East Slavic languages ​​in 1389

Slavic dialects in the XII-XIV centuries.

Various Russophobic dreamers should also know this information:

"According to the research results, two groups of Russian populations are distinguished . In particular, northern Russians Y-chromosomal markers have a more pronounced similarity to distant ones Balts than with closer ones

Ethnographic map

Ethnographic map

map of the location of ethnic groups, elements of their traditional material and spiritual culture. The map reflects the number of ethnic groups, their belonging to a particular race, origin (ethnogenesis), development and settlement. In addition, they show the distribution of languages ​​(language groups), dialects, religions, beliefs and religious rituals, the nature of farming, crafts, features of housing, clothing, food, etc. In some cases, maps convey the interaction of ethnic groups with the environment and interethnic relationship.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .

See what an “ethnographic map” is in other dictionaries:

- (Italian carta, Latin charta paper). 1) a rectangular piece of paper on which signs of one of the four are depicted card suits. 2) drawing of the sky, earth, sea, etc. (geographic maps). 3) a list of foods and drinks in hotels. Dictionary… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

MAP, cards, women. (German Karte, from Latin charta). 1. A drawing of part of the earth’s surface, the same as a land map (geographical map). Map of Europe. || The same with primary consideration, according to the rules of cartography, of certain special features... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

MAP, s, female. 1. Drawing of the surface of the Earth, a celestial body or starry sky. Map scale. Political K. Europe. Ethnographic history of the world. K. Moon. Astronomical card 2. One of the dense sheets of deck 2, differing in suits (in 2 values), ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

map- s; and. see also cards, card 1) a) Drawing of the earth's surface. Geographic map. Map scale. Map the shores of the bay. Ethnographic, p... Dictionary of many expressions

Y; and. 1. Drawing of the earth's surface. Geographic map. Map scale. Map the shores of the bay. Ethnographic, political, maritime (such a drawing with primary consideration of one or another special feature). // Drawing of the starry sky... Encyclopedic Dictionary

An ethnographic map of Eastern and Western Thrace at the beginning of the 20th century (1912) shows how varied the ethnic composition of the population of the region where the Bulgarians lived was not so long ago... Wikipedia

When you click on some maps, a larger version appears.

Russians in the Russian Federation

Ethnic map of the USSR 1974.

Ethnographic map of the USSR 1962

Russians (European part) in 1958

Dialectical maps of Russians in the 20th century (1914 and 1965)

Ethnographic map of the USSR 1930

"Europa Ethnograpfica", "Touring Club Italiano", 1929

clickable ~9.55MB

Ethnic map of Europe in 1923

"Map of the Race of Europe", Edwin A. Grosvenor, LL.D. & Gilbert Grosvenor, A.M., National Geographic Magazine, Washington, 1919

clickable ~7.27MB

"Cart Ethnographique de L'Europe", J.Gabris, “Institut Geographique Kummerly&Frey”, Berne, 1918

clickable ~9.15MB

"Volkerkarte von Europa", Arthur Haberlandt & G. Freytags, Vienna, 1915

clickable ~8.46MB

Ethnic map of the Russian Empire, early 20th century

Ethnographic map of the Asian part of Russia 1905

Ethnographic map of the European part of the Russian Empire, 1898.

"Ethnographische karte von Europa""Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon" , 14th Edition, Leipzig, 1892-1895

clickable ~2.63MB

"Europa. Volker- und Sprachenkart""Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" , 4th Edition, Leipzig, 1885-1890

clickable ~0.73MB

"Carte Ethnographique de L'Europe", J.Geisendorfer, “La Géographie militaire de A.Marga”, Paris, 1885

clickable ~3.01MB

"Volkerkarte von Russland"

clickable ~8.83MB

"Volkerkarte von Asien", Richard Andree, Leipzig, 1881

clickable ~8.88MB

"Ethnographic map of Europe", Richard Andrew, 1895

clickable ~9.22MB

A.F. Rittich. Map of Western and Southern Slavs. 1885

(Rittich F.A. Slavic world. Historical and geographical research. Warsaw, 1885.)

A.F. Rittich. Ethnographic map of European Russia. 1875

"Ethnographische Karte von Europa", Heinrich Berghaus, Gotha, 1847

clickable ~8.92MB

East Slavic languages ​​in 1389

Various Russophobic dreamers should also know this information:

"According to the research results, two groups of Russian populations are distinguished . In particular, northern Russians Y-chromosomal markers have a more pronounced similarity to distant ones Balts than with closer ones Finno-Ugric peoples. By mtDNA Northern Russians have similarities in gene pools Western and Central Europe . At the same time, the gene pool of the Finnish peoples is as distant as possible from the northern Russians. Studying autosomal markers also brings northern Russians closer to other European peoples and casts doubt on the Finno-Ugric layer in the northern Russian gene pool. These data allow us to put forward a hypothesis about the preservation of ancient Paleo-European substrate that experienced intense migrations of ancient Slavic tribes . According to research results Y chromosome markers The South-Central group, to which the vast majority of Russian populations belong, is included in a common cluster with

Russia is a multinational state. How many peoples live in Russia? Which of them are the most numerous? How are they distributed throughout the country? Let's find out about this further.

How many peoples live in Russia?

Russia covers a huge territory, stretching from Eastern Europe to Its area is 17,125,191 square kilometers, in terms of this size the country ranks first in the world.

In terms of population, Russia is in ninth position, with 146.6 million people. How many peoples live in Russia? It is difficult to give an exact number, but there are approximately 190 of them, including the autochthonous population and small indigenous peoples.

The main source of data on the population of Russia is the census, which was conducted in 2010. The nationality of the country's citizens is not indicated in their passports, so data for the census was obtained based on the self-determination of the residents.

Slightly more than 80% of residents identified themselves as Russians; other nationalities accounted for 19.1%. Approximately five and a half million people did not indicate their nationality. Based on these data, the total number of peoples of Russia who do not consider themselves Russians amounted to 26.2 million people.

Ethnic composition

Russians are the titular population of the country; they predominate in most regions Russian Federation. These include the Pomors, representing the subethnic group of Karelians and Russians in the White Sea region. The second largest people are the Tatars, which include the Mishars, Kryashens, Astrakhan and

The largest group of peoples are the Slavs, mainly Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles and Bulgarians. They belong to the Indo-European family, which in Russia is also represented by Romanesque, Greek, Germanic, Baltic, Iranian, Indo-Iranian and Armenian groups.

In total, the territory of the state is inhabited by peoples who belong to nine language families. In addition to Indo-European, these include:

• Altai;
• blue-tibetan;
• Ural-Yukaghir;
• Chukotka-Kamchatka;
• Yenisei;
• Kartvelian;
• Eskimo-Aleutian;
• North Caucasian.

The small peoples of Russia are represented by the Kerek (4 people), the Vod people (64), the Ents (227), the Ults (295), the Chulyms (355), the Aleuts (482), the Negidals (513), and the Orochs (596). These include peoples who belong to the Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan groups.

The largest nations of Russia are presented in the table below.

Map of the peoples of Russia

The country's population is heterogeneously distributed. How many peoples live in Russia and how they are located on its territory can be clearly demonstrated by the map below. The vast majority live in the area between St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Novorossiysk and Primorsky Krai, where all the largest cities are located.

The largest Tatars and Ukrainians mainly inhabit the southwestern part of the country. Ukrainians make up a large proportion of residents in the Chukotka and Khanty-Mansiysk districts, in the Magadan region.

As for the rest of the peoples of the Slavic group, the Poles and Bulgarians do not form large groups and are dispersedly settled. The Polish population lives compactly only in the Omsk region. Belarusians mostly inhabit the Moscow and St. Petersburg region, as well as the Kaliningrad region, Karelia, and the Khanty-Mansiysk district.

Tatars

The number of Tatars in Russia is more than 3% of the total population. A third of them live in the Republic of Tatarstan. Focal settlements are also located in the Ulyanovsk region, in the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, Bashkortostan, Tyumen, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Penza regions and in other subjects of the state.

Most Tatars are Sunni Muslims. Various groups Tatars have linguistic differences, and also differ from each other in traditions and way of life. Their language belongs to the Turkic languages ​​of the Altai family; it has three dialects: Mishar (western), Kazan (middle), Siberian-Tatar (eastern). In the Republic of Tatarstan, Tatar is the official language.

The ethnonym “Tatars” appeared back in the 6th century among the Turkic tribes who called themselves that. After the conquest by the Golden Horde in the 13th century. the name spreads and already denotes the Mongols and the tribes conquered by them. Later the term was used to refer to nomads of Mongol origin. Having settled in the Volga region, these tribes called themselves Meselmans, Mishers, Bolgrs, Kazanls, etc., until in the 19th century they consolidated under the definition of “Tatars”.

Ukrainians

One of the East Slavic peoples, Ukrainians, lives mainly in the territory of the state of Ukraine, where its population is about 41 million people. Large Ukrainian diasporas are located in Russia, the USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Germany and other countries.

Including labor immigrants, approximately 5 million Ukrainians live in Russia. Most live in cities. Large centers of settlement of this ethnic group are located in Moscow and the Moscow region, Tyumen, Rostov, Omsk regions, in Primorsky and Krasnodar region, Yamalo-Nenets District etc.

The history of the peoples of Russia is not the same. Large-scale settlement of Russian territories by Ukrainians began during the existence of the empire. In the 16th-17th centuries, according to the royal decree, Cossacks, gunners, and archers from Ukraine and the Don were sent to Siberia and the Far East to develop lands. Later, peasants, townspeople, and representatives of the Cossack elders were exiled to them.

The intelligentsia moved to St. Petersburg of their own free will at a time when the city was the capital Russian Empire. Currently, Ukrainians represent the largest ethnic group in it after the Russians.

Bashkirs

The fourth largest people in Russia are the Bashkirs. The vast majority live in the Republic of Bashkortostan. They also inhabit the Tyumen, Kurgan, and Orenburg regions. The Bashkir language belongs to the Altai family and is divided into a southern and eastern dialect and several dialects.

According to anthropological characteristics, the people belong to the Subural and South Siberian (among the Eastern Bashkirs) racial types. They represent Caucasians with a share of Mongoloidity. By religious affiliation they are Sunni Muslims.

The origin is connected with the tribes of the Pechenegs (South Ural Bashkirs - Burzyans, Usergans), as well as the Cumans (Kypchaks, Kanlys) and the Volga Bulgars (Bulyars). Their ancestors inhabited the region of the Urals, Volga and Urals. The formation of the people was influenced by the Mongols and Tungus-Manchus.

Indigenous peoples

The country's indigenous population includes 48 peoples. They make up approximately 0.3% of the country's total population. About 12 of them are small and number less than a thousand people.

The small peoples of Russia predominantly inhabit the northern regions of the state, the Far East and Siberia. They often lead a traditional economy, engaging in reindeer herding, fishing, hunting and cattle breeding.

The largest indigenous people are the Nenets; they number almost 45 thousand people. They occupy the coastal zones of the Arctic Ocean and are divided into European and Asian. The people raise deer and live in chums - cone-shaped huts covered with birch bark and felt.

The Kereks have the smallest population and are represented by only four people according to the census. Half a century ago there were approximately 100 people. The main languages ​​for them are Chukchi and Russian, their native Kerek remained as a traditional passive language. In terms of their way of life and culture, they are similar to the Chukchi people, and therefore were subject to assimilation with them.

Conclusion

Russia stretches for many kilometers from west to east, touching both the European and Asian parts of the continent. More than 190 peoples live on its vast territory. Russians are the most numerous and represent the country's titular nation.

Other large peoples are Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Avars, etc. Small indigenous peoples live in the state. The number of most of them does not exceed several thousand. The smallest are the Kereks, Enets, Ults, and Aleuts; they inhabit mainly the region of Siberia and the Far East.