What chess pieces and names look like. Determining the weights of chess pieces using regression analysis

Chess piece This is a special gaming unit that has certain properties specified by the rules of the game. These properties include the rules of movement on the chessboard, starting position, name and strength.

Chess pieces- that's a few chess pieces, forming a specific set for each player. As a rule, there are 32 of them, 16 for each player. One set is "Black" and the other is "White".

The external properties of chess pieces include material, size and design. The main materials from which chess is made are wood and plastic. The figure shows an example of professional tournament pieces:

Arrangement of chess pieces

At the beginning of the game, White pieces are placed on the 1st and 2nd horizontal lines, Black pieces - on the 8th and 7th horizontal lines, in strict order, according to the rules of the game. Only one piece can be placed on one field.

Rooks are placed in the corners of the board, on the “a” and “h” verticals. Knights are placed next to rooks. After the knights we place the bishops, and in the middle we place the queen and king. As a rule, there are no problems with remembering the placement of chess pieces on the board, but sometimes beginning chess players confuse the places of the queen and the king. To always place the queen correctly, you need to remember this saying: “The queen loves her color.” It says that the White Queen is placed on the white square (d1), and the Black Queen on the black square (d8). The arrangement of the initial figures is shown below:

Game Features

We have six unique chess pieces, each of which has its own name: king, queen, rook, bishop, knight, pawn. Each figure has its own specific capabilities. Some are sedentary with little impact force, some are more mobile, with more strength. Some walk on white squares, others only on black squares, and some walk on all squares of the board. There are even pieces that need to be protected, under the threat of losing. Therefore, in chess not all pieces are equal.

When we play a game, we must carefully exchange pieces, trying to exchange a weaker piece for a stronger piece of the opponent. Otherwise, our opponent will gain a large material advantage and will easily win the game.

In this table, we provide a description of the pieces, their value and what pieces they can be exchanged for:

If there are three minor pieces opposite the queen, this means that the queen can be exchanged for three pieces. If you exchange the queen for one minor piece, then an unfavorable exchange will occur and you will suffer material losses, while your opponent will have a chance to win the game.

If you exchange a rook for a bishop with two pawns, then an equivalent exchange will occur, but if you exchange a rook for a knight or bishop, then there is already a loss of quality (the rook is of higher quality than the bishop or knight). Usually they say that the player lost an exchange. If you exchange a rook for one or two peksha, then this is already a material loss.

During a game, positions sometimes arise in which weak pieces lead to successful battles against strong chess pieces. For example: A bishop is stronger than a rook, or a rook is stronger than a queen, etc. Thus there is an absolute and relative strength of the figures. Absolute strength is indicated in the table above, but relative strength cannot be measured. It depends on game situation and in each position she can change.

Supreme excellence in chess art These are the skills to create positions where weak pieces turn out to be stronger.

In the following lessons, we will look in detail at the features of each chess piece.

So, for a snack we have the most interesting thing.

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The queen is the most powerful chess piece. Face value 10 points.

As Cardinal Richelieu said while playing chess with D’Artagnan: “This is the queen, she moves as she pleases...” What the cardinal said was essentially correct, except that “queen” is not the correct title. This figure is called "Queen". But the course of the plot required it...

The queen moves in all directions vertically and diagonally to any distance. That is, he has the capabilities of a rook and a bishop at the same time. Can NOT jump over pieces. Shown schematically in the diagram below.

The importance of the queen is difficult to overestimate. He is very effective in both defense and attack, very mobile and strong. The only disadvantage associated with the queen is that it must be protected from attacks. For example, in the position in the following diagram, White's queen can attack one of several Black pieces: a knight, a bishop, and a pawn. However, all these pieces are protected by the black queen. If the white queen decides to hit either of them, the black queen will hit the white one on her next move. And any such exchange will be unprofitable for White, because they will lose their strongest piece, and will take a piece of lesser value for it.

Changing a queen for, say, a knight or bishop is almost always not profitable. Equally, the queen can be exchanged only for the opponent’s queen, or for several pieces at once. Although there are cases when chess players specifically give up the queen to achieve some task. But more on that later. For now, you need to realize that the queen should be protected and used rationally as your most powerful weapon.

King.

The king is the most important figure. It has no face value. It cannot be exchanged or kept under attack by the opponent’s pieces. It requires constant protection. But this is not because the king is too weak as a piece, but because if he dies, then the game is lost for the player.

On the other hand, the king can also move and capture the opponent's pieces. At the end of the game, when there are an order of magnitude fewer pieces on the board and there are not so many direct threats to the king, its strength is estimated approximately as the strength of a minor piece (knight or bishop).

The king, like the queen, moves and strikes in all directions vertically and diagonally, but only on one square.

That is, being in the middle of the board, the king breaks through 8 squares.

Now you know how chess pieces move and strike. To remember each one, you need to practice. To make this practice quick and fun and at the same time effective, I suggest playing the so-called “Chess Maze”:

The scenario is as follows: white king, it's you. Pawns are the walls of your house. They cannot be moved. The black horse is a guest who needs to be met. In other words, the king must reach the knight. I think you remember how the king walks.

In essence, everything is simple, the king reaches the knight one square at a time, but not quite... You have a lot of furniture at home that prevents you from reaching the guest. For example, like this:

Furniture must be moved aside to clear the way. Thanks to this game, you can quickly remember how each piece of this “furniture” moves :)

Make it more difficult for yourself until there is very little space left in your home. For example, like this:

Good afternoon, dear friend!

Rumor has it that the elephant is the favorite piece of current world champion Magnus Carlsen. He himself never spoke about this, but the all-seeing eye of chess analysts does not sleep. I think this fact alone is enough to figure it outhow does an elephant move in chessand what are his characteristics and habits.

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Elephant Highlights

The elephant belongs to the category of “light” figures. The relative value of a bishop is equivalent to three pawns or a knight. Let me emphasize - relative. Chess is a situational game and the value of pieces may vary somewhat in different positions.

The elephant has a number of interesting features:

• Range
• Likes to act “together” with his colleague - the elephant
• Can masterfully camouflage himself
• Can checkmate at the very beginning of the game

Now in more detail:

How can an elephant walk and how can it not?

Scheme The movement of the elephant is simple - it only moves diagonally. According to free space.

Jump over shapes an elephant can't. He can beat someone else's piece, but his own pieces block his field of activity.

In this position, the bishop has only two moves - to the square e5 and to take the black rook on f6.

Trucker

In terms of its range, the bishop is not inferior to heavy pieces - the queen and rooks. He “shoots” the entire chessboard in all directions. Moreover, he does this diagonally, and novice chess players often do not notice the threats posed by the bishop.

Bishop versus knight. Who wins?

The eternal debate between chess lovers - who is stronger, a bishop or a knight - has been going on for centuries. And unambiguous answer impossible to give.

It is believed that in open positions the bishop is stronger. This is understandable; by definition, an elephant penetrates more squares than a knight.

As you can see, the knight only hits 8 squares, while the bishop located in the center of the board (see diagram above) hits as many as 13!

In closed positions, the knight is usually stronger. The reason is banal: an elephant canlimit your own figures. In the most “severe” cases, the bishop completely loses its fighting qualities and looks more like a pawn.

For example:

Now let's replace the bishop with a knight:

You see everything for yourself. The racing qualities of a horse in such a position are much more valuable than the negated range of the bishop.

Two bishop advantage

You and I already know that the elephant moves across fields of the same color. Fields of a different color remain “uncovered”. But... we have two elephants, not one. I do not rule out that this is one of the wise ideas of the creator of chess. I think you've already guessed where I'm going with this: together, elephants cover the entire “color gamut.”

If the position is open and the bishop's actions are not limited by other pieces, they usually represent a formidable force. As a rule, two bishops in open positions are stronger than two knights, or a knight + bishop, and sometimes they can compete with the tandem rook + knight or rook + bishop. Chess players call it this: the advantage of two bishops.

Master of Disguise

Experienced chess players sometimes ambush the bishop. In chess language this is called "fianchetto" or fianchetto of the bishop.

The elephant seemed to be hiding, disguised behind his own horse. But his finest hour will come. Example:

Black won the c4 pawn with the move 1…d5:c4 and on 2.a2-a4 they try to reinforce it with the move 2….b7-b5.

However... you have already noticed white elephant lurking in ambush. Next comes 3.a4:b5 c6:b5? 4. Nf3-g1!!

In order for the elephant to “shoot”, he does not need to walk yet. The knight makes a move!

The knight opens up operational space for the bishop and it turns out that the black rook has turned into an easy target for our master of disguise - the fiacketed bishop g2. Rook has nowhere to go. Black can cover the diagonal with a knight, bishop and even a queen. But this changes little - they suffer heavy material losses.

The seemingly clumsy move 4. Nf3-g1!! - the most accurate. White wins a clean rook! 4.Nf3-e5 is also possible, but Black plays 4...Qd8-d6 or Cf8-d6, attacking the knight. In all variations, White wins the rook for the knight. You can analyze the options yourself to see for yourself.

By the way, such positions - traps - are quite typical in the games of not very experienced chess players. I recommend keeping your ears open so that your pieces do not fall victim to an unexpected elephant attack from an ambush .

By the way, in the example considered, Black could have “come to his senses” in time and on move 2. 3.a4:b5 not play 3...c6:b5?, but choose another move, for example, 3...Qd8-c7. Thus, he escaped with a relatively mild fright.

Your humble servant is by no means calling for fiancheting the bishops in every game. However, having this technique in your arsenal is more than reasonable.

Checkmate with bishop

And of course, a feast of chess – checkmate. In terms of its ability to checkmate already at the beginning of the game, the bishop can sometimes successfully compete with the queen. Example:

1.e2-e4 c7-c5 2.c2-c3 kb8-c6 3. Cf1-c4 g7-g6 4.Qd1-b3

Black plays 4…Nc6-a5??.

Seeing a fork and not placing it? They'll laugh!

Alas. You need to be more careful.

5.Bc4:f7 X. Checkmate. If you don't know yet, the X icon is in chess notation means "checkmate".

In conclusion: And again a few words about the correct terms. Some beginning chess players call the bishop an officer. Where this came from is not known for certain (however, as well as the correct name - elephant).

However, please keep in mind: if your opponent or partner in the analysis of games calls the bishop an officer, I bet you that he is not a strong chess player.

The officer, of course, sounds proud, but this is a completely different story.

Thank you for your interest in the article.

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Good luck at the chessboard!

If you decide to learn how to play chess, the first thing you should do is understand the name of the chess pieces. This will significantly speed up and simplify the process of further learning. The game of chess is one of the oldest, it has been around for many centuries. Its development was continuous: at first people played with grains, then with clay balls, and only by the Middle Ages the figures that are familiar to us appeared on the board.

Today, when playing chess, each player uses six types of pieces. They differ in color: one has white figures, and the second has black ones. In this case, the “army” of both one and the other player consists of 16 figures. We will look at them in more detail a little further. Each piece has its own place on the board and a specific trajectory, method or methods of movement during the game. So, let's figure out the names of the chess pieces from pictures and photos.

1. (King) - this is the most important figure on the “battlefield”, around which the game is built. After all, the end of the game comes precisely when the opponent’s king is defeated. Despite his status, the king is quite limited in his movements; he can only move one square in any direction. But at the same time, he has the advantage of castling. This term means a joint move with a rook, during which the king is sent to a safer place.

2. (Queen) - this is the most active, strongest and second most important figure during the game. Its possibilities in movement trajectories are most diverse. The queen can move both up and down the board, and left and right, as well as along white and black diagonals. The queen is a difficult figure from the enemy’s point of view, because she has great capabilities for protecting the king and can find herself in in the right place. The queen usually looks almost the same as the king, but a little lower and often with a small ball on top.

3. (Rook) - this figure moves only vertically or horizontally and is limited by obstacles. At the start, the player has two rooks, which are placed at the edges of the field. Sometimes called “officers”, these figures protect the royal family.

4. (Bishop) - also a paired figure, considered light, usually looks like a low tower with a pointed drop. This form may resemble the robes of a monk - and so it is. The figurine appeared precisely because Catholic priests were fond of chess and brought something of their own to it.

5. (Knight) - usually looks like the corresponding animal. Its peculiarity is its unusual manner of movement, namely the letter “G” in any direction. The knight easily jumps over obstacles (opponent pieces) and at the beginning of the game stands next to the rook.

6. (Pawn) - this is a chess soldier who is the first to rush into battle and opens the game. Each has 8 pawns. They move most simply - one square at a time and only forward, although as a first move they can jump over a square - and they only knock down enemy pieces diagonally. Pawns play an important role, they defend other pieces, and when they reach the opposite edge of the board they can return in their place any previously captured piece - a queen, a rook, and a knight. The only exception here is the king.

Before you need to learn large number theoretical material, familiarize yourself with the rules, goals, and techniques of the game. It is also important to learn the names of the pieces in chess and their initial location.

There are six different names of figures. Two people play chess, one of whom plays with white pieces, and the second with black pieces. Each partner's army consists of sixteen pieces: a king, a queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each figure moves differently.

Figures

The king is considered the most important chess piece, because if there is no way to protect the piece from an opponent's attack, it means the game is defeated. The king piece moves vertically, diagonally, or horizontally on one field.

The queen or queen can move to any square vertically, diagonally, or horizontally. Also refers to strong pieces on the board. At first, the queen piece could only move diagonally one square. This piece only became strong in European chess. Modern chess theory classifies the queen as a “heavy piece.”

A rook or tour can make moves vertically or horizontally on any number of squares. The rook is classified as a “heavy piece”. This figure has the appearance of a fortress tower.

The bishop or officer piece moves diagonally onto any number of squares. Before the start of the game, the chess player has one light-squared bishop and one dark-squared bishop. Due to the peculiarities of the board, bishops can only move along diagonals of a strictly defined color. The elephant is classified as a “light piece”.

The knight moves on the chessboard in the letter “G”. she immediately moves two cells horizontally or vertically, and then another cell (field) vertically or horizontally, only perpendicular to the first direction.

In modern chess, the knight is the only piece that does not move in a straight line and is classified as a “jumping” piece. The knight can move outside the plane of the chessboard, and can also jump over pieces from its own army and over enemies. In theory, the knight is classified as a “minor piece.”

The pawn piece can move vertically forward one square. In the initial position, eight pawns occupy the second rank, covering the pieces.

Video lesson: “names and value of chess pieces”