Rules for playing toy soldiers by Herbert Wells. Board military tactical games
And our article today is about boys’ toys. It is probably difficult to find a boy who did not play with soldiers as a child. In the minds of most of our contemporaries, they, that is, soldiers, are perceived only as children's toys. But, firstly, this is an overly simplified approach, and secondly, a lot famous people, already being quite adults, were not ashamed of their passion for small toy warriors. Their list includes the French monarchs Louis XIV, Napoleon I and Napoleon II, Russian commander Alexander Suvorov and his contemporary Emperor Paul I, German composer Johannes Brahms, English writer Robert Stevenson, English Prime Minister Winston Churchill and many others, famous and less famous personality.
Toy soldiers - ancient toys
The history of the soldier goes back more than 4 thousand years. The oldest of them were found in the tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs. Made of wood, the figurines represented the guards protecting the deceased ruler in the afterlife.
The terracotta guard from the mausoleum of the ancient Chinese emperor Qin Shi Huang is known throughout the world. The full-length figures of his bodyguards are made with the highest detail, and the face of each is so individual that there is not the slightest doubt about the portrait resemblance.
In the Middle Ages, European kings and nobles became interested in playing soldiers. This was perhaps the only social stratum that could afford such pleasure, since the material for making figurines was most often precious metals. The games themselves had tactical and strategic aspects - in them, future commanders learned the basics of controlling military units.
In the XVII – XVIII centuries. no longer the only one who respects himself royal court couldn’t do without a collection of miniature warriors. And at the beginning of the 19th century, toy soldiers finally became available to the general consumer and reached the masses. This is connected, oddly enough, with the spread of cheap earthenware. Before this, most European tableware was cast from tin. But earthenware technology turned out to be much more economical, and tin foundries simply could not stand the competition. In search of a new market, they turned to the production of tin figurines. And so the textbook tin soldier was born. This happened in the German city of Nuremberg, and the first soldiers among collectors are called that: Nuremberg miniature.
Remember, Andersen: from one tin spoon - 25 soldiers? If you compare it with the products of modern factories, you will be surprised at the size of the spoons of that time. But surprise will be premature: the spoons of that time were no larger than the spoons of today. But the soldiers, on the contrary, were inferior in parameters to their descendants at the beginning of the 21st century. The Nuremberg figures were flat, no thicker than 3 mm, and the height of the foot soldier was approximately 30 mm. So it's no surprise that one spoon yielded two dozen tin-resistant ones.
Subsequently there were three-dimensional figures, more interesting, but also more expensive, and the most expensive among mass products were made completely collapsible. Russian artist of the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. Alexander Benois recalled that he perceived the appearance of just such collapsible soldiers as a real holiday.
In the twentieth century, the range of raw materials for the production of toy soldiers expanded significantly due to polymer materials. After World War II, toy soldiers became one of the most popular items on the toy market. During the same period, military-historical wargames gained popularity ( military tactical games with soldiers). Unlike similar games eras of the Middle Ages and Modern times, now they are dedicated to specific events military history, be it the Spartacus uprising or the Battle of Stalingrad. The main contingent of wargamers are not children, but young people aged sixteen and older.
At the same time, collecting soldiers is also developing - both ancient ones from a hundred and two hundred years ago, and modern ones, produced specifically for collectors.
Be that as it may, the spirit of Andersen’s soldier did not burn out in the flame of the stove, but continues to warm the hearts of millions of “soldiers” around the world.
Kononko Yulia
DIY soldiers at home
For those who want to make soldiers for children with their own hands, there is different ways and materials. You can sculpt your own soldiers from , clay or even cold welding compounds. Sergey Osipov shows how to sculpt soldiers from “cold welding”:
Try to repeat all the steps, and then you may end up with soldiers that look like these figures by amateur sculptor Sergei Kiselev:
They also make soldiers out of wire, Very detailed instructions here: www.lobzik.pri.ee/modules/news/article.php?storyid=404
Well, those who want to cast their own metal Soldiers can first look at the instructions:
Paper You need to play soldiers more carefully. They can be flat, for example, like this:
But about wooden soldiers (from the book “Dolls” by V.S. Goricheva):
Photo from the youngest participant in and the first man among the participants in all competitions on my blog. Meet - Arkhangelsky Stepan, 11 years old.
Stepan lives in the city of Kavalerovo and, as befits boys, is not indifferent to war games. He loves to sculpt knights and all sorts of warriors from plasticine. Basically, he does this in the children's group at the Svetlitsa club.
The description of the work is short: you take plasticine of different colors. Stepan sculpts without a base. Tearing off the mass in small pieces, he creates the required shape, looking at the picture.
And it turns out this knight:
How to make soldiers from plasticine and wire is written in the book “Dolls” by V.S. Goricheva:
And one more step-by-step master class by sculpting:
On the topic of plasticine soldiers, I found this amazing video:
And this is a Red Army soldier made of fabric, a sewing pattern from the album ““:
In general, you can make soldiers with your own hands or buy ready-made ones.
The main thing is that they remain toys in the hands of boys and adults, and that people do not become toys in the hands of the rulers of this world.
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To play you need:
1. cube with six sides (D6)
2. soldiers
3. stroke measure
4. playing field
The game involves two or more players. The playing field can be any horizontal surface - a table, floor, flat area on the ground. In the center playing field You can optionally create some obstacles in the form of ruins, buildings, trees and other terrain. If the game takes place on the ground, it is necessary to outline the boundaries of the playing field.
The conditions for victory in the game can be anything by mutual agreement between the players - the defeat of all enemy soldiers, the capture or defeat of an individual character (for example, a commander), the capture of the enemy’s flag, the capture of some object on the playing field.
Players are located on opposite edges of the playing field and place soldiers on the field, but no closer than 8 measures of Move to the nearest enemy soldier. Stroke measure - a template made of paper, cardboard or wood, 6 cm long.
Players take turns. In turn, the player must go through a Full Turn with any one soldier from his army, which consists of a Movement Phase, an Attack Phase and a Defense Phase. Then the turn turns to the opponent. A player's soldier who has already completed a Full Move cannot move, attack or shoot any more until all the player's other soldiers have completed a Full Move.
The order of moves at the beginning of the game is determined by rolling a D6 die, the one with the higher result starts the game.
Movement Phase. The player rolls a D6 die. The value of the movement is determined by the number drawn:
1 – Step (the player can move the soldier 1 Move Measure in any direction)
2 – Run (the player can move the soldier 2 Move Measures in any direction)
3 – Step
4 – Running
5 – Step
6 – Running
Note: The Movement phase can be skipped at the player's discretion.
If after the Soldier Movement phase there is an enemy soldier within 1 turn, the player proceeds to the Attack phase. The Attack phase can be skipped.
If there are no enemy soldiers within a 1-turn radius, the Attack phase is skipped.
Attack phase. The player rolls a D6 die. The value of the attack is determined by the number rolled:
1 – Melee attack (the player attacks any nearest enemy soldier within a radius of 1 move measure)
2 – Ranged attack (the player attacks any nearest enemy soldier within a radius of 2 move measures)
3 – Death Attack(enemy soldier within 1 turn radius, removed from the field without the enemy’s right to the Defense phase)
4 – Melee attack
5 – Ranged attack
6 – Death Attack
Note: When carrying out an Attack, the attacking soldier moves close to the enemy soldier at the shortest distance. The Attack phase can be skipped at the player's discretion.
After carrying out the Attack phase, the opponent must carry out the Defense phase.
Defense Phase. The player rolls a D6 die, the value of the die determines the defense value:
1 – Defended (the enemy soldier remains in place)
2 – Did not defend himself (the enemy soldier is defeated and removed from the battlefield)
3 - Counterattack (the enemy soldier defends himself and attacks the player’s piece)
4 - Defended
5 - Didn't defend himself
6 – Counterattack
At the end of the Defense phase, the turn of turns passes to the enemy.
If among the soldiers there are figures with ranged weapons (bow, crossbow, shotgun, pistol, darts), then the Shooting phase can be introduced into the game. The Shooting phase occurs before the Movement phase because the soldier who fired loses the ability to Move on his turn.
Shooting Phase. The player rolls a D6 die. The number drawn determines the shooting value:
1 – Hit (the enemy soldier goes through the Defense phase)
2 – Miss (the enemy soldier remains in place)
3 – Mortal wound (the enemy soldier is removed from the field without going through the Defense phase)
4 – Miss
5 – Hit
6 – Mortal wound
You can shoot at a visible enemy figure at a distance of no more than 5 moves. If the enemy soldier is hidden by an obstacle or any other soldier by more than 1/3, shooting at the soldier is impossible.
At the beginning of 1913, another book from the famous English science fiction writer appeared in the bookstores of Foggy Albion. Bookworms eagerly bought it, lured by the familiar name on the cover. Imagine their surprise (and, perhaps, disappointment) when it turned out that they were given not a novel, not a story, but the rules of a board game of tin soldiers. The book was called "Small Wars", and it was written by Sir H. G. Wells. It turns out that the science fiction classic was not only interested in Martian combat stools, vivisection and time travel, he also loved to crawl on the floor with friends, playing out “war games” with toy soldiers. This is how what would later be called a tabletop wargame was invented. And who will now say that board games are the lot of nerds and geeks?
But before continuing, it is important to clarify: Wells was not the first to come up with the idea of using certain rules to simulate military battles, playing out battles in miniature. Back in the nineteenth century, officers of the Prussian army were engaged in similar matters, creating a military board game Kriegsspiel(translated into the great and mighty - “War Games”). And not for the sake of idle fun, but to train military personnel in the intricacies of military affairs. That's why Kriegsspiel with the meticulousness characteristic of everything German, it required players to study a cumbersome set of rules, which took into account almost everything: from weather and type of terrain to the morale of soldiers. Since the Prussian military had no time for toys, they used wooden “blocks” rather than miniature soldiers. And it’s hard to call a game a game to try out, say, a real offensive operation of an army - mistakes in such a game would cost the commanders dearly.
But our Herbert Wells was able to create an entertaining board game. Conceptually, not much different from these modern Warhammers of yours. But first things first.
Tin Resistant
H.G. Wells, like many other worthy men of that time, was a passionate collector of tin soldiers. He amassed an impressive collection in his home. One fine (for the future of wargaming and beyond) morning, the famous writer had breakfast with a friend, an equally famous master of verbal forms, Jerome K. Jerome. Well, who wrote “Three in a Boat, Not Counting the Dog.” After eating, the gentlemen decided to have some fun. Jerome's attention was drawn to the soldiers placed on a special table. Resistant tin. And next to it is a toy spring gun with a screw for vertical aiming, shooting wooden shells, was the dream of any boy of that time. And not only. Jerome examined the toy collection with interest, picked up the gun, turned it around, tried it on, and fired, knocking the soldier off his feet.
The echo of this shot, which marked the birth of the era of tabletop war games, still reverberates throughout the world.
The writers began a playful battle to see who would be the first to kill the entire toy squad. This fun prompted Wells, a first-hand acquaintance with Kriegsspiel- to the idea that it would be nice to come up with some rules, to turn the fuss with the soldiers into an orderly and spectacular competition. So the master of fiction began work on the text that would later be called “Little Wars.”
From idea to model
As a first approximation, the game was based on two ideas. The first was that real troops would be represented by miniature models, and the terrain would be represented by improvised means. Second, any movement of units is determined relative to simple rules. All that was left was to try to play a game or two. Since Jerome no longer expressed any desire to waste time on the soldiers, the next evening Wells invited another friend, a certain W. Together they enthusiastically began to master the intricacies of playing toy soldiers. However, the battle, as soon as it began, was disrupted by the appearance of the writer’s household members in the room. The ladies found a strange picture, in their opinion: two venerable heads of families crawling on all fours on the floor, enthusiastically moving soldiers and cannons placed on the volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica. In general, an activity not entirely appropriate for self-respecting adult men. Due to angry whispers to Wells and W. I had to end the game.
However, the purposeful writer continued his research the next day, involving a third friend, a very playful and cheerful person by nature. He happily accepted Wells' idea. They laid out volumes of Britannica on the carpet and placed two armies of tin soldiers and cannons on the “terrain.” The battle has broken out!
The rules were very simple (hereinafter quotes from the English edition of the book Little Wars ). "Players take turns moving their warriors; an infantryman moves a foot in one turn, a cavalryman two feet, and a cannon two feet. The latter can fire up to six shots at a time. If a soldier gets close to an enemy, a coin is tossed to determine who of the combatants will die as a result of hand-to-hand combat."
"The game wasn't very good, but it was fun to fight." Often the battle came down to the fact that the troops hid behind thick volumes of the Encyclopedia, where they could not be reached by cannon shots. When the soldiers came face to face, unpredictable hand-to-hand combat occurred. The soldier's fate was decided by the rotation of the coin. This led to funny incidents. “So, one lucky fighter managed to kill nine opponents in a fight, which turned the tide of the battle.”
Problems soon emerged. The lion's share of the time was spent fiddling with the guns, which had to be loaded and then carefully aimed at the target. In addition, the miniatures spontaneously fell or slipped from the improvised “terrain”. “The soldiers stood unsteadily on the carpet,” Wells wrote. “The situation was no better with the volumes of the Encyclopedia.” But the room where the battles took place caused the most problems. She became the target of regular female invasions. The ladies were angrily discussing what was happening, not particularly inspired by the fact that two middle-aged men were playing with child soldiers. And they do it with great pleasure!
Playing God
Wells and his opponent in the game were banished to the nursery. But the ladies, without knowing it, contributed to the development of wargames. Thus, the floor of the room was covered with cork flooring - an ideal surface for toy battles. Even in the nursery, a large box with wooden panels and blocks was discovered, from which Wells and his sons built miniature cities and islands. The latest discovery was a flat board, which successfully replaced the volumes of the Encyclopedia.
This is how Wells himself ironically describes what happened next in the book: “The head of the family immediately managed to kick his offspring out of the room and annex their gaming accessories in order to begin creating a more realistic Country for battles.”
Thick boards piled on top of each other became hills of a toy terrain, branches stuck into them became trees, stones brought from the garden became rocks, solid blocks of wood became houses, barns and walls, and circles drawn with chalk became ponds and swamps. This is how the country for the tabletop was created war game. It is important to note that two years earlier, G. Wells wrote the book “Floor Games,” which was precisely dedicated to the construction of miniature cities and other children’s joys (yep, children’s).
Soon Wells and like-minded people figured out how to improve the buildings, making them more beautiful and realistic in appearance. “We discovered that it was easy to glue building models out of paper and cardboard, then filled them with wooden bricks. The resulting buildings can be painted by putting windows, doors, pipes, etc. on them. Anyone who had the opportunity to glue house models as a child knows how do things like that."
So it's war?
Later it turned out that it was inconvenient to fight in a nursery: the small Country was overpopulated with soldiers, and the houses were located too close to each other. This made it impossible to effectively use artillery. Therefore, battles began to be held in the open air, in Wells' garden. One player planned the location of all buildings and objects, and the other chose which side his troops would advance from.
The rules of the game have also changed. It was decided to abandon the coin toss; it was accepted as a rule that two soldiers fighting hand-to-hand would die. The use of artillery was limited: in one turn, guns could either fire or move across the battlefield (this required one infantryman or cavalryman). To fire a salvo, six gunners had to be placed around the gun (in the subsequent edition of the rules - four). However, the wargame was far from perfect. “We fought a lot of battles using these rules. They were interesting, but they didn’t always satisfy us. The battles lasted a very long time, since it took a lot of time to accurately aim the guns. And we shot extremely carefully.” Something needed to change.
After consulting with several friends, Wells made many adjustments to the rules. For example, a ten-minute (later reduced to four) limit on the time of a move appeared. The player had to choose: either carefully aim the guns at the target, or make more movements of the soldiers.
In general, after some time the final rules were formed, which were published as “Little Wars”. It's funny that the title of Wells' book was originally too long. "Little Wars: a game for children from 12 to 150 years old and for those smart girls who like boyish games and books."
So Wells managed to humanize Kriegsspiel, creating a wargame for everyone. The rules turned out to be so successful that many people still play based on reprinted editions of the book.
Of course, the real heyday of “tabletop games” occurred much later, when the industry learned to make figurines from rubber, because tin soldiers were not cheap at the time of the publication of “Little Wars.” But that's a completely different story.
Tatyana Titova
On the eve of February 23, I bring to your attention exciting game on military theme“soldier's battles” based on the principle of the board game “Russian checkers” for children of senior preschool age.
Relevance. This game contributes to the formation in children of such important qualities as concentration, attention, perseverance, and cognitive activity. After all, these are the qualities a child will need in school for better performance.
Target: creating conditions for intellectual development child.
Tasks:
Educational:
Teaching the basics of checkers;
Consolidation of ordinal and quantitative counting in forward and reverse order within 20 and above;
Consolidating the ability to navigate on the playing field with cells: “right”, “left”, “forward”, “backwards”, “diagonally”.
Educational: development visual memory, mental abilities, logical thinking.
Educational: nurturing perseverance, resourcefulness, determination, confidence in victory, and a culture of behavior.
Equipment: playing field with cells of two colors (64 cells in total, origami paper soldiers in different colored uniforms.
Description of how the game is made:
The didactic game is based on the principle of the board game “Russian Checkers”. The game uses a homemade checkerboard with black and white cells (64 cells measuring 5 cm x 5 cm, made from ceiling tiles or cardboard, whatman paper. To make a playing field of 8x8 cells, glue 32 squares with a side of 5 cm black or brown color.
The soldiers and sailors are made using the origami technique from printer paper and mounted on cardboard stands.
The manufacturing method is described in a previous publication.
Rules of the game:
Option 1. The game is played according to the “Russian checkers” principle. Play with 2 players or 2 teams of players of 2 - 4 people. One team plays with green soldiers (infantrymen), the second with red soldiers (cadets), or one team plays with blue soldiers (pilots, the second with sailors. Soldiers are lined up on stands on stands in three rows on each side on the playing field.
Soldiers can be moved along black cells (walk only diagonally forward 1 cell and hit forward, jumping over the opponent’s figure). The beaten figure is taken “captive”. For each soldier captured, the player receives a medal chip. A player whose soldier has reached the field of the last horizontal line, instead of the function of “hitting the kings,” has the right to pick up one soldier from captivity and return it to the playing field.
The player who collects the most medals and receives the title of “best commander” wins.
Option 2. The game is played in the same way as game option No. 1. New in the game: before starting a move, the player rolls a die with sides 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. The number on the side of the die shows the number of cells that the player crosses diagonally.
For each soldier captured, the player receives a medal. The player who collects the most medals and receives the title of “best commander” wins.
Photo report of a children's game.
Before starting the game, place the soldier figures on the playing field.
We played in teams. In each team, the children changed and made 2-3 moves. Everyone wanted to take part in soldier battles at the same time.
Checkers tournament dedicated to Defender of the Fatherland Day.
Checkers tournament for the title of “Best Commander”.
Thank you for your attention!
Publications on the topic:
Tabletop didactic game"Smart traffic light". Rules of the game. 2-5 children play. The presenter is an adult (speech therapist, teacher, assistant teacher).
Goal: To strengthen children’s ability to distinguish and name colors, to develop the ability to find the right color among others. Development of attention, perseverance.
In our children's preschool institution Safety Month takes place in September. Based on the goals of the above mentioned month, in groups it should.
Board - didactic game "Seasons" for children 5-7 years old. Purpose of the game: to update and supplement children's knowledge about the seasons.
For modern children, playing soldiers has been replaced by the computer. There are also “soldiers” there and you can also arrange battles with other players. And you also don’t have to leave the house all year round. But you don’t need to do anything there, in these games either. There is no need to invent anything or strain your imagination - the game creators have already done everything. Games come down to the principle of “take a weapon, kill the enemy” and turn into melancholy poking at buttons. No need to think - everything is for your favorite players, who bring good money to the game creators. And I’ll just keep silent about the visual cruelty of computer battles...
It would seem that the good old soldiers no longer have a place in modern reality. But, as it turned out, the games I loved from childhood did not want to give up so easily. Moreover, someone who still remembered his childhood games correctly reasoned that since simple soldiers are so inferior to the fantastic and fantasy cyber reality, they need to be made in such a way that they correspond to this computer fairy tale. This is how board games-soldiers appeared, which were similar to characters from computer games, but you could touch them, assemble them yourself, and color them. New miniature battles began to be called wargames in the old way.
War in one box
Wargames are a type strategy games, which is designed to simulate various military conflicts, both real and fictional. There are computer and tabletop wargames. We are interested in the latter, since this is the most fascinating variety.
Tabletop wargames appeared back in 1954, and gained greatest popularity in the mid-70s. But some sources indicate that the oldest wargame was the Indian board game “Chaturanga” (the prototype of modern chess). Based on the material, visual part (game figures, miniatures) and the mental part (rules, battle strategy), board games appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century, which we now call wargames.
Oddly enough, most often it is not children who are interested in board war games, but rather adult uncles and aunts. If you think about it, this is not so surprising: in order to assemble an army of a couple of dozen “soldier” units, you will have to shell out a lot of money. The figures for the game are assembled and painted by hand; the finished miniature is quite expensive. Therefore, many people prefer to assemble their units “in parts” - buying collapsible models and painting them. But more on that a little later.
Rules of battle
There are three varieties game rules tabletop wargames: basic, figure and skirmish. The simplest rules are skirmishes. They are designed for a small number of figures, the actions of which are very detailed. Actually, this is the peculiarity of this type of rules. Each figure is personalized, taking into account all the features of the character’s life. Usually the confrontation between small gangs or even individual “soldiers” is played out.
In figure rules, entire squads participate in the confrontation. However, the figures are also personalized, dice are rolled for each unit. The battle process is detailed. During game combat players operate in such concepts as whether they hit or missed the enemy, whether they penetrated or did not break through the defense, and if they did hit, whether they killed or not. These rules are used for small armies.
According to the basic rules, the actions of each individual soldier are not personified. The result of the clash of units is determined, the rest of the game process is abstracted. The basic rules are perfect for massive battles. However, even in the basic rules the level of detail gameplay can be upgraded at the request of the players.
Want to try it?
Kirov did not stay away from the passion for tabletop battles. In our city there are many places where you can play board games, including wargames. But one of them - the Astartes Club - is the most a clear example community of fans of tabletop war games. The club specializes in wargames based on the Warhammer 40,000 universe. One of the club’s leaders, Mikhail Kolpashchikov, agreed to answer a few questions and tell us a little about his interesting hobby, as well as how he took his “first steps” in this hobby.
Help on Wikipedia:
Warhammer 40,000 is a series of board games produced by Games Workshop, set in a dark, techno-fantasy fictional universe. The game was created by Rick Priestley and Andy Chambers in 1987 as a science fiction add-on to Warhammer Fantasy, from which a significant part is borrowed game mechanics, plots and characters. There are also supplements called Warhammer 40,000 codexes that describe detailed rules for urban/planetary siege and large-scale combat operations. The game depicts battles between the armies of the fictional universe of the 41st millennium using miniature figures of warriors, monsters and military equipment in a scale of “28 mm”, that is, approximately 1:65.
-How long ago did you start getting into board games?
I liked board and other games as a child, especially wargames. Back at school, due to the lack of such games, I myself made games out of paper for myself and my friends. We spent hours playing tabletop and floor battles.
I joined the Warhammer subculture itself, like many, thanks to computer games, which in this universe are produced in quite large quantities. Then I accidentally came across a forum for board game players (note: board game players) and thought about the idea of trying to play. That’s how the decision to start playing “soldiers” matured. By the way, most players don’t really like this word. Still, games for children (toy soldiers) should be separated from games for adults.
What were your first “steps” in the hobby? Was it difficult to get everything you needed and look for like-minded people in Kirov?
The first thing I did was probe the markets. As it turned out, the nearest store with everything you need is in Moscow. As chance turned up, my friend and I went there. First we bought starter kits to be able to play at least somehow. I bought it and assembled it. And then, as they say, “here it goes.”
The miniatures were very beautiful and high quality. Rules are a completely separate issue. To fully master them, I had to re-read the “rule book” (rule book) five times, because, although the game is not particularly difficult, it has many nuances. Realizing that I really liked the hobby, I began to look for like-minded people. First I connected my friends, who, like me, became very interested in the game and began to gather their armies. Then I created a VKontakte group and began an active search for like-minded people in Kirov.
This is how I met Sergei Nekrasov, with whom we subsequently organized the club. At that time, Sergei had been in the hobby for quite a long time, knew how to paint miniatures and had an impressive collection. We found the premises for the club through friends. It was kindly provided to us by Lyudmila Georgievna Krylova from the Vyatka historical and local history club “Mir”. This is how our active “club” life began.
The club itself was created%D