A type of billiards with 15 red balls. Rules of the game

The most popular games in world billiards are snooker, pool and carom. Unfortunately, Russian billiards stands apart, however, this does not make it any less interesting. This is also one of the types of pocket billiards, which is widespread all over the world.

Physical exertion, endurance, patience and skill are the main components of Russian billiards. If we compare it with foreign “colleagues”, then the conditions here will be much more complicated. Tables can be of different sizes. Wide range - six to twelve feet. There are 16 balls in the game, 15 of them are numbered 1 to 15 respectively. The sixteenth ball should be different from the rest, usually it is a different color. The pockets in Russian billiards are narrow (compared to the size of the balls), which is why high accuracy is required from the player, and patience and work from the beginner.

Snooker is the most commonly played game in the UK. This is just an English version of billiards. At the end of the last century it became very popular in Europe and China. The tables here are almost the same size as in Russian billiards. The pockets are large, and the balls are multi-colored and small. There are 15 red and 7 multi-colored balls in the game (22 in total). The player is required to be quick-witted, accurately calculate and have high skill, because they play in series. The player must make calculations several moves ahead and keep combinations of varying complexity in his head. This game is not designed to simply “chase balls.”

Pool is a type of American pocket billiards. The name "American billiards" or "American pool" is often used. The table here will no longer be as large in size as in the two previous varieties - the size can range from 4.5 to 9 feet. The pockets are quite large, and there are only 16 small and colorful balls. The American commercial spirit is felt in the pool: masterful play usually lasts several minutes; it is dynamic, because The ball easily falls into the pocket, and the dimensions of the table allow you to move confidently and freely. However, this does not hinder the entertainment of the game.

The pool has about 10 varieties, including Pool-8, Rotation and many others. An interesting feature is that pool is mistakenly called “American”, which is a type of Russian billiards. The game of pool can be mastered quite quickly, because the rules are not particularly complicated.

Carom is a pocketless version of billiards. It is distributed in many parts of the world - from Europe to North Africa. The dimensions of the table in this game are quite small (from 5 to 10 feet). Accordingly, there is no pocket. The most interesting thing is that the game involves only one red and two white balls. The game is that you need to make a special blow (carom). First, the cue ball touches one white ball, and then another, after making 1-3 sides.

Undoubtedly, this game requires skill from a person, the ability to calculate the trajectory of a strike with pinpoint accuracy. The game fascinates with how original the masters can build combinations. Thanks to this, what is happening is more like a miracle. Carom is considered the most difficult technique in all of billiards.

These types of billiards are not the only ones. In addition to them, there are about a dozen games in this interesting and exciting sport, which include Carolina, Kaiza, Italian chips and many others.

This article is sponsored by snooker news portal. Billiards has rightfully won an honorable place in world sports, because it develops the intellect, while being an incredibly spectacular and noble game.

Nowadays, billiards has become a very popular game. It has ceased to be just entertainment, but has become a kind of lifestyle that trains concentration, dexterity and determination. Many options for this pastime with their own rules and features can confuse any novice player. The article tells about the history of this entertainment and explains the rules of playing billiards of the most popular versions.

History of billiards

There is a lot of controversy surrounding the history of billiards. China and Egypt are considered the birthplace of this game. In Europe, the first mentions of billiards are found in England. Even the name "billiards", from the ancient Saxon bal-yard - bal-ball, yard-cue, stick, shows that this entertainment was known in this country, only it was similar to modern croquet. Gradually, the game moved from the open space indoors, to a table with a green covering, reminiscent of grass on a lawn, with small edges around it. Initially, the game was on a table with six pockets and a goal, the game was played with two balls and a peg. In the 18th century, only balls and pockets remained on the table. This happened in France, which is why they say that this is the European birthplace of billiards. There, in 1674, the first rules for playing billiards were published. In England, where almost every city had public billiard tables, the rules of the game were clarified and expanded. The word “cue” appeared there in the 16th century.

Evolution of the game

In the 18th century, the game began to actively develop. The industrial revolution played a significant role in this. For the convenience of the game, chalk was first used, which reduced the friction between the ball and the cue, and then they began to use a leather tip to get twisting blows. Thanks to this leather patch, the game of avid billiard players became so virtuosic that the balls began to easily move along different trajectories and even jump over each other. Billiards gradually underwent many transformations - the cue became dismountable, the sides of the table began to be covered with rubber, cloth began to be used as upholstery everywhere. There were even disputes among billiards experts regarding the shape of the inner walls of the table, which also underwent several changes. The rules of playing billiards gradually became uniform. Around 1850, this game began to look like we see it today.

History of Russian billiards

Billiards came to Russia under Peter the Great and quickly spread to public places, especially taverns. Since this entertainment developed autonomously in Russia, over time Russian versions of the game appeared and their own rules for playing billiards appeared. At the beginning of the 19th century, equipment for games was in great variety and, in the absence of proportionality between the parts, this often led to the tables being of different sizes, the balls were either too small, or did not fit into the pockets, etc. Competitions in every new place equalized the chances of beginners and professionals, which is why they lost interest in the game.

Only in 1850, A. Freiberg, who managed the St. Petersburg billiard factory and was himself a good player, created a model of a six-pocket billiard table that met the standard requirements: all balls fall into the pocket only with accurate shots. To ensure the necessary complexity of the game, the diameter of the balls was made only a few millimeters smaller than the width of the pockets, accidental falling of balls into the middle pocket was excluded, and the pockets had short mouths to prevent balls from getting stuck.

Russian billiards. Peculiarities

Russian billiards has more than 40 different types. Due to the fact that it existed in a semi-legal state in our country, no official competitions were held for it. Each billiard room had its own rules. Changes came in the 80s, when the Billiard Sports Federation was created. The rules of playing Russian billiards were unified, a system of tournaments and refereeing was developed. The general features characteristic of Russian billiards in Russian and Moscow pyramids, American and other main Russian variations of this game were summarized. The rules of the game for Russian billiards were officially established by the National Federation of Billiard Sports in 1994.

Russian billiards is not a specific game, but more of a collective term. Externally, Russian billiards is distinguished by white, large balls of the same color. To make the game more challenging, the pockets are smaller and have sharper edges, making them harder to hit. A long and heavy cue also makes the game more difficult. The interior lining of the table is always green.

Russian billiards. General rules

The basic rules of the game of Russian billiards describe the course of the game from striking. It is done with the front part of the cue in the direction of its longitudinal axis, while the player must touch the floor with at least one foot. Otherwise he will be fined. The right to the first shot is played by simultaneous hitting both players with their hands on the cue ball from home in the direction of the back board. The one whose ball, reflected from the back side of the table, stops closer to the front side than the opponent's, has the right to make the first move. The winner of the rally either makes the first strike or concedes the strike to the opponent. Players begin the next games in turn, only before the decisive game the draw is repeated.

Before the start of the game, 15 balls are placed next to each other in a certain way using a special triangle shape. The cue ball is considered to be in play from the moment the cue stick touches it. Balls that hit the pocket on the first shot are counted. Balls are considered pocketed if they are pocketed when hit correctly. If the ball jumps out of the table fence, but returns back to the table, it is considered to remain in the game. If at the same time it falls on the board or floor, it is touched by any object - the player’s sleeve, cue, chalk, etc. - it is considered to have jumped out and is placed back on the table. It is exhibited in different versions of the game in those places that indicate the rules of the game of billiards. American, for example, prescribes the cue ball to be set on a general basis. In this case, the player is not penalized if the object ball is thrown out, but is penalized if the cue ball is thrown out. The start of the strike is considered from the moment the cue touches the cue ball, and the completion is only after the movement of all balls on the table, including rotation, has stopped. The opponent starts the game if, after the previous player hit, the cue ball did not touch any balls or there was a violation of the rules.

Russian billiards. Fines

The rules of Russian billiards require the imposition of fines. If, while making a shot, a player commits several violations of the rules of billiards, then the fine will still be charged in a single amount. In this case, balls that were pocketed in violation of the rules are not counted. A penalty is imposed if the cue ball does not touch any other ball after the start of its movement, if it flies off the table, if the cue ball falls into a pocket (Russian pyramid), if there was a double touch with the cue. However, some rules prescribe a penalty if the blow was not struck with the cue ball (rules of the pyramid game). Billiards also provides for penalties for a strike in which at least one of the player’s feet does not touch the floor, if the next strike was made before the movement of the balls had not yet ended or any ball except the cue ball touched with a cue, hand, clothing, etc.

Russian pyramid

The “pyramid” variety of Russian billiards is liked by people with a high level of skill who love a thoughtful and serious game. The game is played with one “own” ball, with the help of which it is necessary to drive other balls into pockets. Moreover, like the rules of the game of pool, pyramid billiards also obliges you to name before hitting which ball you plan to put in which pocket. But in a pool this is done only with ball No. 8, and in a pyramid - before each shot. If the ball is pocketed and there is no notification, it is not counted. The goal of the game is not only to put the ball in the pocket, but also to move the ball to the side in an uncomfortable position for the opponent. The rules of the pyramid game correspond to the general ones in Russian billiards, but there are some peculiarities. The game continues until the player scores 71 points. The cue ball without a number and the numbered object balls are arranged in a triangle in a certain order - balls with small numbers on the edges, and balls with large numbers inside the pyramid. The ball numbered “1” is called an “ace” and adds 11 points when it is pocketed. Also, 10 points are added to the last ball remaining on the table. Thus, the maximum amount of points in the pyramid is 140, and it is distributed among the players. The rules of the game of billiards “Russian pyramid” have two types: “ball in the pocket” and a strict order “for its pure purpose”. In the first case, only the destination ball and pocket are called. In the second, there is also a technique with which the player will put the ball in the pocket. If the situation did not go as announced, the ball is not counted and is placed on the back mark. Penalties received in the game deduct 5 points from the player.

American

One of the types of Russian billiards is “American”; this game differs from American billiards. American is very popular and widespread. It is based on the basic rules of the game of billiards. The American game has the difference that even a random ball that ends up in a pocket is considered a prize. There are masters who pocket all 8 balls needed to win, without allowing the opponent to make a single shot. The cue ball can be any ball. The arrangement does not take into account the numbers. The breakdown begins by lot, and if at least one ball falls into the pocket, the player continues to push the balls into the pocket until he misses. The end of the game can be a draw, when the partners put 7 balls each and agreed to a draw. When placing balls, they are placed towards the middle of the back edge of the table. The rules of the free pyramid game (American billiards also have this name) also imply a system of penalties. The player is charged a fine of one ball if the cue ball does not touch any ball after the hit, if he hits during an unfinished movement after the last hit, or if the ball goes off the table.

American billiards

American billiards has many differences from Russian. The rules of American billiards are much simpler, and they are usually followed in world tournaments. The differences begin with the fact that all American tables have certain standard sizes, differ in the material of the table base, the elasticity of the rubber edges, the marking of the tables, their synthetic covering and, most importantly, the size of the pockets. The size of the balls is significantly smaller than Russian ones, which, with a large pocket size, significantly affects the ease of hitting. Billiards is played with three balls (two cue ball and a red one), while snooker is played with 22 balls. Putting chalk on the table is strictly prohibited; Americans keep it in their pocket. The rules of playing American billiards also differ depending on the versions of the game.

Pool

Pool is an American pocket billiards with a small table size, large pockets and 16 small multi-colored balls that are pocketed according to certain rules. This game is very dynamic, simple and entertaining. Games with the participation of professionals last literally a few minutes, which corresponds to the commercial spirit of American billiards. In the 19th and 20th centuries, pool quickly spread throughout the world. This was greatly facilitated by American advertising about the romantic lifestyle of professional pool players, the size of their income and quick huge winnings. Later, interesting films were added about the life of billiard players who play pool professionally. In addition, the simplicity of the technique of playing pool increases the number of its fans. American pool is much simpler than Russian billiards, so it is suitable for any level of player - even a beginner.

Pool "Eight"

"Eight" is a game made to order. You can only hit with a white cue ball. One player tries to pocket only colored balls, the other - only striped ones. The winner is the one who is the first to place all the balls in his group and, according to the order, to place ball No. 8. Before the game starts, the balls are alternately placed in the form of a pyramid, ball No. 8 is placed in the center of the pyramid. On the first hit, one of two conditions must be fulfilled: pocket the ball and bring at least 4 balls to the sides, but do not pocket the 8th ball or cue ball, otherwise it is a mistake. The rules of the game of eight-ball billiards in this case give the partner a choice: continue the game from this position, break again himself, or ask his partner to break. When striking, the following errors can be made: the cue ball does not hit the object ball, when hit, they do not touch the sides of the table, the cue ball falls into a pocket or leaves the table. Just like the rules of the game of American billiards, the pool prescribes a penalty for touching the ball with any object other than a cue and for hitting it again until the balls stop completely.

A player's loss is counted in cases where ball No. 8 is pocketed with violations, falls into a pocket prematurely or into a pocket not according to order, goes overboard, or falls at the same time as the last ball of its color.

Pool "Nine"

The rules differ from "Eight" in that the player does not announce an order. “Nine” is played with a cue ball and 9 balls numbered from 1 to 9. According to the rules, with any shot the cue ball must certainly touch the ball with the lowest number. But you can put balls with any number into the pocket. While the balls are falling into the pocket, the player can continue the game until he misses, breaks the rules, or wins by putting ball No. 9 in the pocket. The match ends after the agreed number of games won. The balls are placed in a diamond shape, with ball No. 1 at the top and No. 9 in the center, and the other balls at random. The rules are not much different from the Eight. But another push-out blow is introduced. It is performed immediately after the initial breaking shot with the aim of moving the cue ball to a more advantageous place from the point of view of the development of the game, if the cue ball did not fall into the pocket during the breaking. When performing this shot, the cue ball does not have to reach the wall or touch any of the balls. The player must report the execution of this strike before it is applied. Any balls pocketed during a push out do not count. For an incorrect push-out, the player receives a penalty. One more penalty is added to the usual pool penalties - for the fact that the first hit of the cue ball occurred with a ball that does not have the smallest number. If there are three violations in a row in one game, without intermediate “correct” strikes, the player is given an automatic defeat.

1. Marking the billiard table.

1.1. The following lines and marks must be marked on the playing surface of the billiard table:
(1) Center Mark - The point located in the center of the playing surface of the table.
(2) The center line is a straight line drawn through the center mark parallel to the short sides. The center line divides the playing surface of the table into two halves - front and back.
(3) Front Mark - The point located in the center of the front half of the playing surface of the table.
(4) The house line is a straight line drawn through the front mark and parallel to the front side.
(5) Back Mark - The point located in the center of the back half of the playing surface of the table.
(6) Pocket area - a radius of 136 mm from the point of impact in the pockets of the billiard table.
(7) The ball line is that part of the longitudinal line of the table drawn from the back mark to the middle of the back rail.
(8) “Dead zone” is a part of the playing surface of the table from which it is impossible to pocket an object ball. Visually, it is determined by connecting the point of fall of the middle pocket and the middle of the short side; if the middle pocket is on the right, then the “dead zone” is also on the right or vice versa.
1.2. The house is the part of the playing surface of the table, enclosed between the house line and the front edge.
Note: two additional lines may be applied to the playing surface of the table to accurately establish the pyramid. The first passes through the center of the ball standing at the top of the pyramid, parallel to the rear side 100 mm long. The second passes through the center of the balls standing at the base of the pyramid, parallel to the 400 mm long rear side. Both lines are equidistant from the long sides.

2. Balls used.

A standard set of sixteen billiard balls: fifteen to ten white (ivory) balls with numbers from 1 to 15 and one colored (preferably yellow) ball without a number.
Note: a colored ball without a number may have markings in the form of lines or dots.

3. Cue ball and object balls.

3.1. The cue ball is the ball that is hit with the cue during the game.
3.2. When playing “Moscow Dynamic” and “Russian Classic”, a colored ball serves as the cue ball.
3.3. When playing Long American, any ball on the playing surface of the table can be selected as the cue ball for any next shot (the only exception is the initial shot, which uses a colored ball).
3.4. All other balls on the playing surface of the table except the cue ball are target balls.

4. The collision of the cue ball with the object ball.

4.1. The collision (touch) of the cue ball with one of the object balls is a prerequisite for any correct shot, including the initial shot.
4.2. The cue ball can be hit on the object ball either directly or from any side(s).
4.3. If the cue ball does not touch any of the object balls, the shot is considered illegal and is punishable by a penalty.

5. Play after a violation.

In case of violation of the rules, the opponent of the offender has the right, after placing incorrectly pocketed and popped balls, as well as placing a penalty ball from the shelf onto the table:
(1) make the next blow himself, or
(2) yield it to the violator.

6. Playing the kickoff.

6.1. When playing the kickoff (breaking the pyramid), the following procedure is used. Positioned on opposite sides of the longitudinal line of the table, the players simultaneously perform a hand stroke from the house, sending the balls to
back and forth. In this case, two white balls are used. The player whose ball lands closest to the front board wins.
6.2.The draw is considered automatically lost if:
(1) the ball entered the opponent's half,
(2) did not reach the tailgate,
(3) fell into a pocket,
(4) jumped overboard,
(5) touched the long side or
(6) touched the tailgate more than once.
6.3. If both opponents violate the rules or if the referee cannot determine whose ball stopped closer to the front board, then the rally is repeated.
6.4. If one of the players makes a shot after his opponent's ball has reached the back rail, he automatically loses the rally. If, at the same time, the losing player believes that the opponent deliberately struck ahead, he can appeal to the judge.
6.5. The winner of the drawing has the right:
(1) make the initial kick himself or
(2) yield it to an opponent.

7. Initial arrangement of balls.

7.1. Before the initial shot, fifteen white balls are set in the shape of an equilateral triangle (pyramid) with the apex on the back mark of the table and the base parallel to the back board. Each ball must touch adjacent balls. When placing the balls, use a standard triangle.
7.2. The colored ball used as the cue ball for the opening shot (breaking the pyramid) is located in the house.
Note: As the game progresses, situations may arise that require the installation of an incomplete pyramid (see paragraph 24). When installing an incomplete pyramid, all requirements for installing a full pyramid are met. The differences are as follows - an incomplete pyramid is filled in the direction from the top to the base. In this case, the base (bottom row) must be filled. To do this, if necessary, move the balls from the top of the pyramid.

8. Ball position.

The position of the ball is determined by the position of its center.

9. House and house line.

9.1. The house line is not part of the house.
9.2. A ball on the house line is considered to be outside the house.

10. Introducing the cue ball into the game (start of the game).

10.1. The cue ball is put into play by the initial stroke from the house.
10.2. A colored ball should always be used as the cue ball when performing the kick-off.
10.3. The player who enters the game first can place the cue ball at any point on the house, but not on the house line (see clause 9 and clause 10). If the cue ball is placed outside the house, the referee or opponent must warn the player entering the game about this before he strikes. Otherwise, the cue ball is considered to be entered into play correctly.
If the player entering the game is warned about the incorrect position of the cue ball, he is obliged to correct it.
10.4. The cue ball is considered to be put into play immediately after it is hit with the cue stick (see clause 13).
10.5. Until the cue ball is put into play, it can be corrected by hand, cue, etc. However, any touching of the cue ball after it has been put into play will result in a penalty.

11. Correct kickoff.

11.1. The initial shot (breaking the pyramid) is considered correct if, after the cue ball hits one of the object balls:
(1) one of the balls is correctly pocketed; or
(2) any of the balls touched two sides.
If none of these requirements are met, a fine will be imposed.
11.2. If the first player to enter the game fails to make a valid kick-off, his opponent has the right to:
(1) accept the current position of the balls on the table and continue the game; or
(2) accept the existing position of the balls on the table and force the offender to continue playing; or
(3) having re-arranged the balls, make the initial shot; or
(4) having re-arranged the balls, force the offender to make the opening shot again.
11.3. In the 1st game, the right to kick off is determined by a rally. Next, the initial blow is made by the winner of the previous game. Also, the winner of the current game has the right to transfer the initial blow to the opponent.

12. Start and end of the blow.

12.1. The stroke begins from the moment the cue sticker touches the cue ball and ends after all the balls have completely stopped on the playing surface of the table. (A ball rotating in place is considered moving.)
12.2. It is forbidden to start the next blow before the previous one is completed. Otherwise - a fine.

13. Hit the cue ball with the cue.

The cue ball should only be struck with the cue stick in the direction of its longitudinal axis. Otherwise - a fine.

14. Touching the floor with your foot.

When hitting the cue ball, at least one player's foot must touch the floor. Otherwise - a fine.

15.1. With the exception of touching the cue ball with the cue stick when making a shot, it is prohibited to touch any ball (cue ball or any object ball) on the playing surface of the table with your body, clothing, chalk, machine, cue shaft, etc. Otherwise - a fine.

When making a shot, the cue stick should only touch the cue ball once. Otherwise - a fine.

17.1. It is prohibited to tighten the contact of the cue sticker with the cue ball until the cue ball hits (touches) the object ball. Otherwise, the blow is qualified as an arrow and is punishable by a fine.
17.2. If the cue ball touches the object ball or if the distance between the cue ball and the object ball is so small that when hitting the cue ball it is practically impossible to avoid an instantaneous triple contact - "cue stick - cue ball - object ball", then the cue strike on the cue ball does not qualify as a push if it is applied:
(1) at an angle of at least 45 degrees away from the line of the centers of the two balls.
(2) or in such a way that the cue ball does not pass forward after impact (following the object ball). Otherwise - a fine.
Note: Hitting the cue ball away from the contacting object ball (without displacing the latter from its place) does not count as the cue ball hitting that object ball. If after this the cue ball does not touch any of the object balls, then the shot is considered illegal and is punishable by a fine (see clause 4.3).

18. Correctly completed kick.

Any shot (except for the initial one) is considered correct (correctly completed) if none of the provisions of these Rules is violated and, in addition, after the cue ball hits (touches) one of the object balls with any of the balls:
(1) pocketed;
(2) touches 2 sides; or
(a) brings any ball to the other side; or
(b) touches any ball that is close to the other board;
(3) stopped in the pocket area (see paragraph 1(6));
(4) the middle pocket area has been touched - one of the played balls must touch the side in the middle pocket area. When playing an object ball into the middle pocket, it must be outside the “dead zone” for this pocket (see clause 1.1, p. 8).
If none of these conditions are met, a fine will be imposed.

19. Free kick and bonus kick from home.

19.1. When playing “Moscow Classics”, a hand strike from any house is also made in other cases specified by the rules. It can be either a penalty (if the cue ball is pocketed incorrectly or the cue ball jumps overboard) or a bonus (if the cue ball is pocketed correctly).
19.2. You can pocket any ball after the cue ball hits any object ball located outside the house.

20. Correctly and incorrectly pocketed balls.

20.1. The ball is considered correctly pocketed (played) if it falls into the pocket as a result of a correct shot.
20.2. If from the moment the strike begins until the moment it is completed (see clause 12), at least one of the provisions of these Rules was violated, then all balls that fell into the pockets as a result of this strike are considered incorrectly pocketed.
20.3. If the violation occurs after the kick has been completed (see paragraph 12), a penalty will be imposed. However, a ball that falls into a pocket as a result of a completed shot is considered to be pocketed correctly.
Note. If a violation of the rules of the game occurs after the completion of the game (that is, after the completion of the last shot, which resulted in the last ball of the game being correctly pocketed), no penalty is imposed and the result of the game is not reviewed.
20.4. All illegally pocketed balls are not counted and are put out.
20.5. A ball that jumps out of the pocket onto the playing surface of the table is considered not pocketed and remains in play. No fine will be imposed.

21. The ball is on the edge of the pocket.

21.1. If a ball hanging over a pocket spontaneously falls into the pocket, without colliding with another ball, and if this did not affect the final result of the start of the strike, then it is restored to its original place and the game continues.
21.2. If a ball hanging over a pocket spontaneously falls into the pocket, without colliding with another ball, and if this affected the final result of the start of the strike (that is, in the event that a ball spontaneously falling into the pocket would inevitably be hit by one of the balls set in motion) , then all the balls are placed as accurately as possible in their previous positions and the blow is repeated.
21.3. If a moving ball stops at the edge of a pocket in a position of unstable equilibrium and then falls into the pocket, it is considered to have fallen into the pocket due to a hit.

22. Popped up ball.

22.1. The ball is considered to have jumped overboard if, after completing the stroke, it stops outside the playing surface of the table (on the board, on the floor, etc.).
22.2. The ball is not considered to have jumped out if, having hit the upper part of the elastic side or handrail, it independently returns to the playing surface without touching any other object that is not a stationary accessory of the billiard table.
If the ball touches any object that is not part of the table, for example, a lighting fixture, chalk on the board or handrail, etc., then it is considered to have jumped out, even if it then returns to the playing surface on its own.
22.3. If the cue ball goes overboard, a penalty is imposed. There is no penalty for an object ball jumping overboard.
22.4. All popped balls are set after the shot is completed.

23. Placing balls.

23.1. All illegally pocketed balls, overshot balls and delayed penalty balls are placed after the completion of the stroke and before the start of the next one.
23.2. The single ball is placed on the back mark.
If several balls are placed, they are placed in a random order on the line of placing the balls from the back mark to the back board as close as possible, but not close to each other.
If any balls located near or directly on the fielding line interfere with the fielding process, then the fielded balls are placed on the fielding line as close as possible to the back mark and as close as possible, but not close to the interfering balls.
If there is not enough space for the balls to be placed between the back mark and the back board, then the balls are placed on the extension of the line of placing balls (between the back mark and the center of the playing surface of the table) as close as possible to the back mark.
23.3. When playing Long American, any exposed ball can be chosen by the player as a cue ball or an object ball, and when playing Moscow Classic - as an object ball.
23.4. Balls that are out of play cannot be used for the purpose of making any measurements to determine the distance between the balls, the ball and the side, etc.

24. Intervention by an outsider.

If during the game the balls start to move due to the intervention of an outsider (directly or through any influence on the player performing the stroke), then they are returned to their original positions and the game continues. In this case, no fine is imposed.
This rule also applies in the event of emergency situations (earthquake, hurricane, falling lighting fixture, sudden blackout, etc.)
If it is not possible to restore the position of the balls, then the colored ball is installed in the house (if the colored ball is out of the game, then it is returned to the game in exchange for any of the white balls remaining on the table), all white balls remaining on the table are installed in the shape of a pyramid (or incomplete pyramids) with the top on the back mark, the right of the subsequent strike is determined by the rally and the game continues according to the kickoff rule (see paragraph 11). The score remains as it was at the time the game was interrupted.

Note: When installing an incomplete pyramid, you should follow the rules set out in paragraph 7.

25. Interfering with an opponent's game.

If a player, having completed his approach, strikes out of turn or displaces (touches) any ball during the opponent's play, this is considered interference with the game and entails a penalty. In this case, the disturbed position of the balls is restored.

26. Fines.

26.1. Fines are imposed in the following cases:
(1) if the cue ball did not touch any of the object balls during the impact (see paragraph 4.3.)
(2) in case of an incorrect initial kick (see paragraph 11.1);
(3) if the next stroke begins before the previous one is completed (see paragraph 12.2);
(4) when hitting the cue ball incorrectly (see paragraph 13);
(5) when striking the cue ball with both feet lifted off the floor (see paragraph 14);
(6) when touching the balls is prohibited (see clause 15);
(7) with a double strike (see paragraph 16);
(8) when pushing through (see clause 17.1 and clause 17.2);
(9) with an incorrectly completed kick (see paragraph 18);
(10) when the cue ball jumps overboard (see clause 22.3);
(11) when the time limit for a strike is exceeded (see clause 28);
(12) when interfering with an opponent’s game (see clause 25);
(13) for making marks on the cloth or sides when aiming;
(14) if the player places the cue on the table to aim without holding it with his hand.
26.2. If a player commits several violations while making one stroke, the fine will be charged in a single amount.

27. Deferred penalty.

27.1. If after a penalty kick the offender does not have any balls on the shelf, then the penalty will be deferred until the successful kick. In this case, the score of his points in the game is -1, -2, etc.
27.2. The penalty ball is awarded in accordance with clause 23.1.

28. Time limit.

28.1. The time to make a strike is 40 seconds (for live broadcasts on TV - 30 seconds) from the moment the balls stop.
28.2. In each game, the athlete, if necessary, but not more than 2 times, is given additional time to make a strike over the next 40 (30) seconds. In this case, the procedure described in clause 11.3 is followed.
28.3. The referee at the table, after deciding that the player has violated the 40 (30) second rule, gives the command “Time” and times the strike for 40 (30) seconds. In this case, the first additional time for making a strike is considered used. After the player exceeds the 40 (30) second limit for the second time, the procedure is repeated. An athlete who needs extra time can ask the judge himself: “Extra time” and the judge will time 40 (30) seconds per strike. After the player(s) have used extra time, the referee will time each kick. At the same time, 10 seconds before the time for the strike expires, he gives the command: “10 seconds.” If after this the athlete does not meet the allotted time for the strike, a fine is imposed on him.

29. Breaks.

29.1. During the match, each athlete has the right to one five-minute break. When playing Long American, a player has the right to take a break only on “his” stroke. An additional break before the counter set is provided if the match goes to 4 or more wins (Moscow classics). If an athlete does not take advantage of the break before the counter set, he loses the right to an additional break.
29.2. When broadcasting a match live on TV, a break is possible only with the permission of the referee at the table.
29.3. When playing on a TV table, an athlete who is late after a 5-minute break will be fined $50 for each minute of lateness.
29.4. The athlete does not have the right to leave the table and stop the game without compelling reasons, and without the permission of the table referee (or the opponent, if the game is played without a table referee).

30. Series with a cue.

30.1. When determining the largest series from a cue, the following are accepted for scoring: 15 or more balls for men, 8 or more for women.
30.2. To record a series without a judge at the table, the athlete must invite a judge who is in the hall after 8 pocketed balls for men and after 5 for women.
30.3. The referee records the series played in the match report.
30.4. After the athlete has scored 8 points, he is considered a victory in the game and is given the right to continue the game to increase the series with the cue. In this case, a penalty kick during this continued game does not apply to the previous game, but serves as the basis for stopping the series minus an incorrectly pocketed ball. Moreover, after any successful hit, the player can ask the referee to set the initial arrangement of balls for the start of the next game.

31. Unsportsmanlike conduct.

31.1. Competitors are required to adhere to the principles of fair and correct sports wrestling, as well as to observe standards of behavior in relation to other participants, officials and spectators.
31.2. The referee is obliged to suppress unsportsmanlike behavior with the following sanctions:
- remark;
- warning;
- announcement of defeat in a game or meeting;
- exclusion from participation in competitions.
31.3. The sanctions applied are noted in the protocol.
31.4. If an athlete is disqualified from participating in competitions, entry fees are non-refundable.

32. Order.

32.1 All straight balls count.
32.2. If the ball touches any balls or sides before falling into the pocket, it is considered accidental and is not counted. No fine will be imposed. The blow goes to the opponent.
32.3. When declaring an order, you must indicate the ball with the cue and the pocket in which the ball will be played. One ball can only be ordered into one pocket.
32.3. After a “straight-flying” or “custom ball” falls, other balls that fall as a result of such a hit are counted.

There are more than 30 types of billiards games; they can be divided into 5 large groups:

• Russian billiards;
• sports pool;
• entertainment pool;
• snooker;
• cannon.

Russian billiards- a type of billiards with pockets, most widespread in the territory of the former Russian Empire. There are a large number of fans of this game in Finland, Poland, Mongolia and Greece. The game is played on tables measuring 12 feet, with sixteen balls with a diameter of 68 mm. Fifteen balls are numbered from one to fifteen, the sixteenth ball is unnumbered and has a different color. The pockets in Russian billiards are “strict” and differ from the diameter of the ball by several millimeters. This is the main feature of Russian billiards. The sizes of tables for Russian billiards can be smaller; the size of 12 feet is tournament size.
In the most popular type of game, Russian billiards, the goal is to get the cue ball (the ball that is hit with a cue) into the pocket after colliding with another ball. This, along with the features of Russian billiards described above, is another feature that distinguishes it from other types of billiards, where falling a cue ball into a pocket is punishable by a fine.

American pool- a type of billiards that has become widespread throughout the world. Its popularity is gradually growing in Russia. The main feature is the small size of the table, 9 feet and large pockets, about 130 mm. The game is played with sixteen multi-colored balls with a diameter of 57.2 mm, which are played into pockets according to certain rules. Thanks to this geometry of billiard equipment, the game of pool is very dynamic and fleeting. The simplicity of the technology constantly increases the number of its fans. Tables for American pool can be smaller in size; 9 feet is the tournament size.

Snooker- a type of billiards with pockets, which became widespread in England and its former colonies. The game is played on tables measuring 12 feet (sports version) with pockets measuring approximately 120 mm. Twenty-two colored balls are used for the game, of which fifteen are red and seven are multi-colored, with a diameter of 52.4 mm. Multi-colored balls have different values. The game is played according to rather complex rules that have not changed for decades, thereby emphasizing the well-known conservatism of the British.
Snooker tables are also available in smaller sizes; 12 feet is the tournament size.

Cannon- a type of billiards without pockets. It is most widespread in Europe, North and South America, Japan and Indonesia. The game is played on tables measuring 10 feet, without pockets, with three balls with a diameter of 60 mm. Two balls are white, one is red. A carom is a special shot in which the cue ball first touches one ball, and then, touching two or three sides, must touch another ball. According to many masters, carom is the most difficult billiards game.

The size of a pool table depends on the game for which it is intended. Sports billiards is divided into two main varieties - Russian and American, each of which requires special billiard tables. But Russian and American billiards are distinguished not so much by billiard tables as by the philosophy of the game itself. If we use card games as a comparison, then Russian billiards is more like preference, and American billiards is more like poker.

For Russian billiards, tables with a playing field size of 8 to 12 feet are designed; for American pool, billiard tables with a playing field of 7-9 feet are required. Having chosen a quality billiard table, it is also important to correctly calculate its size so that it fits into the room for which it is intended.

Before purchasing a billiard table, you need to determine which table is right for you. First of all, you need to determine the room where the table will be installed and select the optimal size table from the table:

What are these dimensions made of? From the sum of the size of the playing field and double the length of the cue with a margin of 10 cm for the swing. The table shows the minimum room sizes at which the game will be fun. If several billiard tables are installed nearby (billiard club, cafe, bar, recreation room, etc.), then it is advisable to leave a space of at least the length of the cue (150-170 cm) between the adjacent tables.

Billiard room size

The size of the billiard room can be comfortable or minimal. The comfortable size of a billiard room is calculated as follows: the size of the billiard table + the length of the cue (for a pyramid – 160 cm, for an American pool – 145 cm) + the distance you need for your swing. Usually this distance is 25-40 cm. With this arrangement of the billiards, nothing should interfere with your play.

The situation with the minimum size of a billiard room is somewhat more complicated. Usually the minimum size is calculated using the formula: “size of the playing field + length of the cue.” Here the size of the playing field is taken into account, and not the size of the billiards. In this case, it will be inconvenient to hit from the board along a perpendicular trajectory, but you can afford to buy a larger table.

The minimum size of a billiard room does not include furniture. Sometimes some elements included in the design of a house or billiard room (columns, corners, railings, etc.) create inconvenience when playing. In this case, you can resort to shortened cues, which are used in the “dead” zones where you cannot play with a regular size cue.

Formula for calculating the size of Russian billiards:

cue length + pool table length + cue length.

Cue lengths for calculation:
Russian billiards - 160 cm,
American pool - 145 cm,
Snooker - 145 cm.

Billiard tables. Pool, Russian pyramid. Various sizes and configurations.

Russian pyramid, pool 7 feet: laminated chipboard (22mm) - 30 thousand rubles

Russian pyramid, pool 7 feet: DSP (22mm) - 30 thousand rubles

Russian pyramid, pool 8 feet: laminated chipboard (22mm) - 33 thousand rubles

Russian pyramid, pool 8 feet: DSP (22mm) - 33 thousand rubles

Russian pyramid, pool 9 feet: laminated chipboard (22mm) - 35 thousand rubles

Russian pyramid, pool 10 feet: laminated chipboard (22mm) - 38 thousand rubles

The dream of every billiards lover is to have his own billiard table. And if you have the fortunate opportunity to realize this dream, then keep in mind that a billiard table is one of those purchases that is made once and for all. And therefore you should approach the choice very thoroughly. The best thing you can do is to contact a billiards salon, where experienced sales consultants work who will help you understand all the technical intricacies, but a preliminary educational program from experts will not be amiss.

So what information does a pool table buyer need?

The first thing you need to know is the exact dimensions of the free space where you are going to install the table. You must understand that for a comfortable game, there must be sufficient distance between the table and the walls for the swing of the cue: so on each side the standard length of the cue (1.5 m) should be added to the perimeter of the table. If you just need a few centimeters to install a table of the desired size, you should consider purchasing a shortened cue for side shots. A visual table of the minimum room dimensions for installing a billiard table will help you navigate:

When choosing a room where you will place the table, keep in mind that in the billiard room the temperature must be maintained constant (from 5 to 30 degrees), air humidity should not exceed 65%, the table should be no closer than 2 m from a source of moisture or open fire ( fireplace, stove). Do not place the table outside, as it should be protected from direct sunlight and precipitation. The ceiling in the billiard room should be high enough so that the lighting above the table can be located at a height of 80-120 cm. In this case, only special lamps with several shades that provide diffused light should be used for lighting. After all, for aiming in the game, billiard balls should under no circumstances cast a shadow.

Do not forget that a billiard table is quite heavy equipment, and the flooring in a billiard room must withstand a load of up to 200 kg per square meter. The heaviest element of a billiard table is the plate, but the frame, legs and sides also weigh a lot. Especially if the billiard table is equipped with a metal frame that reinforces the frame or frame and table supports. This metal frame allows you to minimize the “leash” of the table. Often the floor will sag unevenly under the weight of a massive table with a slate slab, which weighs up to one and a half tons, and this can significantly change the tolerance of the playing field. And even in clubs where the floor is specially leveled, the tables still sooner or later “lead” due to vibration during impacts, which also disrupts the geometry of the pockets, and they begin to “snap.” The two-plane (vertical and horizontal) fastening of the boards to the base of the playing field can also reduce side vibrations. This “monolithic” mount also increases the accuracy of the ball’s reflection from the board.

Another important point is the base of the playing field.

Polymer concrete, MDF or chipboard (laminated chipboard) are justified only for significantly reducing the cost of the table to the detriment of its playing properties. The laminated chipboard base is the most “budget” option, which also provides minimal weight to the table. However, lovers of savings who bought a table made of laminated chipboard will have to get used to increased background noise (you can hear the balls rolling). Laminated chipboard wears out quickly, deforms with even the slightest bounce of the balls (billiard balls very often jump on laminated chipboard due to its lower density compared to slate) and is unstable to humidity and temperature changes.

Synthetic granite (synthetic granite), used by some manufacturers as an analogue of a stone base, will not provide high playing properties either. This is a composite material based on marble chips and epoxy resins as a binder. It is the least quality material among the stone bases of the playing field, as it tends to crumble. Therefore, a perfectly even coating cannot be ensured.

Marble and granite are also not ideal bases for a playing field. For a number of reasons, marble-based slabs are currently practically not produced. It is quite difficult to obtain a uniform marble slab of sufficient size and thickness. The surface of marble is more sensitive to damage and is more difficult to polish than the surface of Ardesia. The cost of a marble slab is disproportionately higher than the cost of slate. Unlike marble and granite, slate does not have shells and the surface of the slab is more uniform. Granite and marble have a crystalline structure, which is more fragile and unreliable.

Thus, a perfectly flat playing surface that will ensure the natural movement of the balls should consist only of stone slabs. What is meant by a “stone” foundation? This is the so-called ardesia or slate, mined in different countries, for example, in Italy or China. Initially, Italian Ardesia was considered to be of higher quality, but recently the quality of Chinese slate has improved significantly, this is due to more modern equipment that was used for cutting and grinding slate. In addition, each set of billiard slabs manufactured goes through a quality control process. Slabs are sold and receive a quality certificate only if they pass several stages of control (horizontal control using a level or computer system, control of the thickness, length and angles of the slab, control of the distance from the holes to the side of the slab, control of the cut between pockets).

The popularity of Chinese stone is growing rapidly, and the price continues to fall due to growing production volumes. The structure of the slate and the natural conditions in which it was mined have a decisive influence on the quality of the final product, in particular on the stability of the slabs and their resistance to pressure. Chinese slate mines are located in the open air. The rock layers in them are formed naturally, with an angle of about 45 degrees. Because of the special structure of Chinese mines, shale is more difficult to extract than Brazilian or Italian ones. The extracted material must be processed half by hand, half by machine, and always in strict accordance with the natural structure of the vein from which it was extracted.

Each slab must be polished with high quality. The plates are joined together with an accuracy of 0.125 mm, and the seams between them are carefully puttied and sanded. The plates used in billiard tables are massive, durable and elastic - if a ball weighing 290 g falls onto the playing surface from a height of 1.5 m, then there will be no chips or cracks on the table.

The playing plane is leveled with high accuracy. According to the requirements of the Russian Billiard Sports Federation, in order for the balls on the field to ideally follow the given trajectory, the limit of the longitudinal inclination of the playing surface relative to the horizontal plane should not exceed 0.5 mm, and the transverse inclination - 0.25 mm. And only an experienced professional assembler will be able to achieve such an ideal level. In addition, when assembling a billiard table, many standards must be met, without which normal play is impossible, for example, the geometry of the pockets. Pocket standards are defined by the FBI as part of the requirements for tournament tables and equipment. The standard opening width for corner pockets is 72-73 mm, for central pockets 82-83 mm. In this case, the ratio of the corner and central pockets should be strictly proportional (72-82/73-83). The bracket must be properly attached to the board. Thus, after purchasing a table, you should definitely use the services of an assembler from a company salon. Such assemblers undergo training at a billiard factory and are well acquainted with the specifics of the table you have chosen. The process of professional assembly, screeding, puttying, grinding, nailing, and setting will take six to eight hours, but the pleasure of playing in this case is guaranteed.

An important attribute of a billiard table is rubber. The most important quality of bead rubber is elasticity. In this case, the rubber should not be too soft, otherwise the ball will “fall” into it, or too hard, which will also negatively affect the ball’s rebound. And of course, the rubber must be glued correctly.

The profile, hardness and other qualities of the rubber are determined by the type of billiard game, because balls for different types of billiards have different weights and diameters. The ball must touch the rubber at a point just above the center of the ball, otherwise the balls may fly off the table or bounce onto the field after being reflected from the board. The shape of snooker rubber is similar to the letter “G”, pool rubber has a triangle in cross-section, carom rubber and Russian billiard rubber have a generally identical shape of an irregular trapezoid.

The height from the level of the playing field to the point of contact with the rubber for Russian billiards is 42–42.5 mm, for pool - 36.6 mm. The radius of curvature of the rubber in the corner pocket is 12–13/8–10 mm, in the middle pocket 15–16/10–12 mm. The angle of inclination of the rubber relative to the upper plane of the bead is 8–10°.

The quality of bead rubber depends on the geometric shape, chemical composition, natural rubber content ratio, vulcanization method and the presence of reinforcing fabrics. High-quality rubber has a stable, homogeneous composition and a geometric shape that uniformly changes the angle of reflection in proportion to the force of the ball hitting the side.

What should a billiard table be made of? For wood, it is best to choose a material from your geographic area. The classic wood for a good Russian billiard table is oak and ash. Their solid, dense structure is very durable and resistant to mechanical damage. An oak or ash board has increased rigidity, due to which it vibrates less and reflects the ball more accurately. For the budget category of tables, manufacturers use MDF or combined options - wooden sides and legs, MDF frame.

It is also necessary to choose the right cloth. This is very important, since the cloth has a direct impact on the nature of the movement of the billiard ball.

The most common types of cloth and its characteristics:

Happy shopping and have fun playing!

The game was invented in India in 1875. The game turned out to be more difficult than the famous “American” and “pyramid”. Arouses interest more in the complex movements of the balls than in winning.

Previously, first-year cadets who had no everyday experience were called snookers. And then one day in the game, one of the officers, Neville Chamberlain, used this word to describe his partner, who found himself in a difficult situation and did not know how to get out of it. He had to play a colored ball that was covered by others. This position in billiards came to be called “snooker”.

Then this game moved to England, but did not become popular until 1920, when Joe Davis appeared. He introduced cue ball control and ball scoring, which made the game much more difficult. In addition to pocketing the balls, now it was necessary to keep an eye on the cue ball.

Snooker became especially popular in the 60s. A big role in this was played by color television and two players - Ray Reardon and John Spencer, who organized exhibition games, traveling throughout England. Snooker then developed as a sport. Competitions began and expensive prizes were awarded to the winners, which attracted a new generation of players. In 1980-1981 Steve Davis became the first British champion. He improved his game and after some time won the world championship. This athlete is still considered one of the strongest players.

Soon the Japanese, Chinese, and Americans began playing snooker. New talents have appeared - John Parot, Neil Foulds, Stephen Hendry.

In 1973, the International Billiards and Snooker Organization was created. Since 1985, it has become the governing body.

Snooker is played on the same table as billiards, with only 22 balls - 15 red, 6 colored and 1 white cue ball.

On one snooker table you can play not only two players, but also several players. The principle of the order of strikes is simple: if the strike did not bring winning points, the next player takes the shot.

The balls are colored, scored depending on the color: fifteen red balls - one point each, one yellow - 2 points, one green - 3 points, one brown - 4 points, one blue - 5 points, one pink - 6 points, one black - 7 points.

The white ball is the cue ball. Only they can hit the other balls.

The game is played on a regular billiard table, which needs to be prepared for snooker. A thick line is drawn across the middle of one half of the table along a ruler with chalk. Then you need to mark the “home” area for the cue ball in a semicircle. The radius should be one third of the distance from the line to the nearest narrow edge of the table. An even semicircle can be easily drawn using a thin string. It needs to be folded in half, a piece of chalk inserted into the loop, and the ends pressed to the middle of a straight line. The balls are placed as shown in the picture.

To make it easier to install the pyramid in the middle of the upper part of the table - this is the name of the side opposite the “house” - you can draw three lines with chalk along the sides.

The player breaking the pyramid can place the cue ball at any place in the house zone - where it is more convenient to hit from. With the first blow he must play only the red ball, and if he touches any other ball, then he is given a mistake and points are deducted depending on the value of the ball touched. With the very first hit, it is important not only to successfully break the pyramid, but also to drive the cue ball as far away from it as possible, creating a more difficult position for the other player. The classic kickoff is shown in figure (1) with a dotted line.

The location of the balls at the beginning of the game. The dotted line shows one of the classic first strikes. Symbols on the diagram:

white ball (without number) - cue ball, red balls - 1, yellow - 2, green - 3, brown - 4, blue - 5, pink - 6, black - 7.

Balls are placed in any of six pockets. One point is counted for placing a red ball. After this, the billiard player has the right to hit any colored ball (all balls are called colored, except red ones and the cue ball). If a novice player is more confident in a certain ball, then he can hit the red one, then another, and then, having adjusted the cue ball to the colored one, put it in one of the pockets. You need to firmly remember that before each colored ball a red one must be pocketed. Billiard aces sometimes complicate the game with the rule that after the red one, only a colored ball can be played. This tactic always helps to gain “large series”. (The sum of points won during one turn is called a series.) This is what a series can turn out to be if several balls were pocketed: red (1 point), green (3 points), red again (1 point), pink (6 points ), red (1 point), blue (5 points) and so on.

Today on our calendars is April 30, 2018, the last day of April. Channel One is airing a replay of the September episode of the TV game “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.” In this short article you can find out the answer to the eighth question for players of the first part of the game. Alla Mikheeva and Ilya Averbukh play.

And here is the question itself, the correct answer to which is highlighted in blue.

What type of billiards requires 15 red balls?

Snooker is a type of billiard pocket game. Most common in the UK. Since the late 70s of the 20th century, it has become known almost throughout the world, especially in Europe and China. The main tournament is the World Championship (held annually).

At the beginning of the game, there are 15 red balls arranged in a pyramid and 6 colored balls on the gaming table, each of which is located at a certain mark on the table. The white ball (cue ball) is used to hit balls. Players must alternately pocket red and colored balls. While the red balls remain on the table, the pocketed colored balls are placed in their positions. The player who scores the most points wins.

1. English snooker
2. Russian billiards
3. American pool
4. french carom

As you can see, the correct answer to the game’s question is: English snooker.

All Russian billiards events are held on equipment in accordance with the technical requirements of the Russian Billiards Federation. Main parameters: table size 3600 x 1800 mm; ball size 68 – 70 mm, corner pocket size 72 + 1 mm, middle pockets 80 + 1 mm.

1.1. Ball placement

Before the start of the game, all 15 object balls are placed close to each other using a triangle, with the front ball located on the back mark and the base of the pyramid parallel to the back board.

1.2. Hit

Impact – the actual impact of the cue ball on the cue ball and the subsequent movement of the ball(s).

The cue ball must be struck with the cue stick in the direction of its longitudinal axis, with at least one player’s foot touching the floor.

At the moment of impact, all balls must be stationary, and unordered, fouled and popped balls must be fielded.

The strike begins from the moment the cue sticker touches the cue ball and ends after all the balls on the playing surface of the table have completely stopped (a ball rotating in place is considered moving).

Double hit, push, push and miss are illegal hits for which a penalty is imposed.

A double shot is a shot in which the cue stick touches the cue ball twice.

Push - a shot in which the player pushes the cue ball and the object ball simultaneously.

Pressure is a shot in which the cue ball presses an object ball in contact with it or located close to the pocket into this pocket or, by pressing the side ball, moves it to another position.

A miss is a shot in which the cue ball does not touch any object balls.

1.3. Draw for the right to choose a shot

The players are located at the front board on opposite sides of the longitudinal line. The players determine the place by mutual agreement or by lot. They then place one ball at a time in the house and hit the ball at the same time, sending the balls towards the tailgate. The right to choose the shot is given to the player whose ball, reflected from the back board, stops closer to the front board.

The draw is considered lost if the ball:

• did not touch the tailgate;
• crossed the longitudinal line;
• touched the long side;
• fell into a pocket or jumped out.

If both opponents violated the rules or both balls stopped at the same distance from the front board, the rally is repeated.

The winner of the draw has the right to strike himself or give it to his opponent.

1.4. Ball position

The position of the ball on the playing surface of the table is determined by the position of its center relative to the table markings.

A ball standing exactly on the line is considered to be located behind it relative to the player taking the shot.

1.5. Kickoff

The player determined by the stroke selection plays the opening stroke in the first set.

1.6. Played ball

The ball is considered played if, as a result of a correct shot, the ball falls into the pocket. The player retains the right to make the next shot.

A ball reflected from the pocket bracket onto the playing surface of the table is not considered played.

1.7. Hovering ball

If, during a strike, the ball stops on the target of the pocket in a position of unstable balance, and then falls into it before the end of this stroke, such a ball is considered to be played. If the hanging ball falls into the pocket after the end of the strike or the table shakes, this ball is not counted, the referee places it in its original place, and the game continues.

If a player hits a hanging ball, and then the ball falls into the pocket before hitting the cue ball, the referee restores the balls to their previous position, the shot is repeated, and no penalty is imposed.

1.8. Wagering

A comeback is a blow established by the rules of a particular game.

1.9. Popped up ball

A ball that has left the playing surface of the table upon impact and does not fall into the pocket is considered to have jumped out.

The dropped object ball is placed on the back mark after the shot, no penalty is imposed, and the played balls are counted.

If the cue ball pops up, a penalty is imposed on the player, pocketed balls are not counted, and the cue ball is placed on the playing surface of the table according to the rules of the particular game.

If a ball that leaves the playing surface of the table touches a cue, clothing, etc. above it. player, this is considered a violation of the rules and a fine is imposed. If such a ball returns to the playing surface of the table, it remains in the game, and if it leaves it, it is considered to have popped out.

The ball remains in play if it is reflected from the top of the board, pocket bracket or lighting fixture and returns to the playing surface of the table. This is not considered a violation of the rules.

1.10. Fielding balls

An object ball that was not ordered, was pocketed in violation of the rules, or jumped out is placed on the back mark. If the back mark is occupied, then the ball is placed as close as possible (but not close) to the interfering ball on the longitudinal line towards the back side, and if this part of the longitudinal line is occupied, then towards the central mark.

If several balls are placed, the first one is placed in the same way, and the rest are placed close to each other.

Any marking other than the established one is prohibited.

It is prohibited to use billiard equipment (except for a cue) to measure the distance between the balls, the ball and the side, etc.

1.13. Entering the opponent's game

The opponent enters the game after the player has not played a ball or there has been a violation of the rules.

If a penalty is imposed on the player taking the kick, his opponent, having assessed the playing position, has the right to demand that the player take the next kick: “Keep playing.”

1.14. Rival interference

If the opponent hits out of turn or touches any ball, a penalty is imposed on him, the referee restores the previous position of the balls, and the game continues.

1.15. Intervention by a third party

If the balls are moved as a result of intervention by an unauthorized person (directly or through the influence of a player), the referee restores the previous position of the balls and the game continues. The same is done in the event of any emergency, such as a falling lighting fixture.

If an outsider deliberately interferes with the game, the game is suspended until he leaves the competition area.

1.16. Unfixed winnings

If, due to an oversight by the referee and the players, the game continues despite the fact that one of the players has won the game (played 8 balls or scored 71 points or more), immediately after discovering this circumstance, he is awarded victory in the game, even if, after an unfixed win, a penalty was imposed on him a penalty or the opponent also finished the game.

1.17. Fine

A fine is imposed on a player in the following cases:

• if the blow is not made with a cue stick;
• if the blow is not made in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cue;
• if, when performing a kick, none of the player’s feet touched the floor;
• if the next blow is made before the end of the previous blow;
• if as a result of the strike the cue ball jumped out of the playing surface of the table;
• for hitting any ball on the playing surface of the table at any time during the game - with a cue, a machine, chalk, hand, clothing, etc.;
• when hitting the cue ball in contact with the object ball incorrectly;
• for a double strike;
• for pushing through;
• for pressure;
• for a mistake;
• if the initial shot is made on the cue ball located outside the house;
• for failure to comply with wagering rules;
• for applying prohibited markings;
• for interfering with an opponent's game.

If several rules are violated during a hit, the fine is imposed in the same amount.

Balls pocketed in violation of the rules are not counted and are placed on the playing surface of the table.