Tangram ship. Game "tangram" methodological development
Assembling a tangram
According to one legend, tangrams appeared almost two and a half thousand years ago in Ancient China. The middle-aged emperor had a long-awaited son and heir. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and smart beyond his years. But the old emperor was worried that his son, the future ruler of a huge country, did not want to study. The boy liked to play with toys more. The emperor called to himself three wise men, one of whom was known as a mathematician, another became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher, and ordered them to come up with a game, by playing with which, his son would comprehend the principles of mathematics, learn to look at the world around him with the gaze of an artist , would become patient, like a true philosopher, and would understand that complex things are often made up of simple things. And the three wise men came up with “Shi-Chao-Tyu” - a square cut into seven parts.
Parfenova Valentina Nikolaevna, teacher kindergarten
One of components Methodological support for the section “Elementary mathematical concepts in kindergarten” is the game “Tangram”, through which you can solve mathematical, speech and correctional problems.
The game “Tangram” is one of the simplest math games. The game is easy to make. A 10 by 10 cm square of cardboard or plastic, equally colored on both sides, is cut into 7 parts, which are called tans. The result is 2 large, 2 small and 1 medium triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Each child is given an envelope with 7 tanas and a sheet of cardboard on which they lay out a picture from the sample. Using all 7 tanas, tightly attaching them to one another, children create a lot of different images based on samples and according to their own ideas.
The game is interesting for both children and adults. Children are captivated by the result - they are involved in active practical activities to select a way to arrange the figures in order to create a silhouette.
The success of mastering the game in preschool age depends on the level of sensory development of children. While playing, children remember the names of geometric figures, their properties, distinctive features, examine the forms visually and tactile-motor, and freely move them in order to obtain a new figure. Children develop the ability to analyze simple images, identify geometric shapes in them and in surrounding objects, practically modify the figures by cutting them and composing them from parts.
At the first stage of mastering the “Tangram” game, a series of exercises are carried out aimed at developing children’s spatial concepts, elements of geometric imagination, and developing practical skills in composing new figures by joining one of them to another.
Children are offered different tasks: to compose figures according to a model, an oral task, or a plan. These exercises are preparatory to the second stage of mastering the game - composing figures using dissected patterns<Приложение №1 >.
To successfully recreate figures, you need the ability to visually analyze the shape of a planar figure and its parts. Children often make mistakes in connecting figures on the sides and in proportion.
This is followed by exercises in composing figures. In case of difficulties, children turn to the model. It is made in the form of a table on a sheet of paper of the same silhouette figure size as the sets of figures that children have. This makes it easier in the first lessons to analyze and check the reconstructed image with a sample<Рисунок №1>.
The third stage of mastering the game is the compilation of figures according to patterns of a contour nature, undivided<Приложение №1>. This is available to children 6-7 years old, subject to training. Games for composing figures using patterns are followed by exercises in composing images according to one’s own design.
The stages of work on introducing the game “Tangram” with children of senior preschool age with general speech underdevelopment (GSD) were as follows.
At first, the “Tangram” game was played as part of a math lesson for 5-7 minutes. Observations of children during the game confirmed the fact that the children liked the game. After this, an element of competition was introduced, and the one who posted the picture faster than others received a reward-chip.
The children were even more interested in this. They began to ask for more time to play “Tangram”. This made it possible to conduct mathematical leisure activities, quizzes, where children played for up to 20-40 minutes.
To enrich the theme of the game, there was a need to diversify this material; it was found in magazines “ Primary school”, “Preschool education”, in the books of Z.A. Mikhailova, T.I. Tarabarina, N.V. Elkina. etc.
Many pictures were developed by the teacher. A number of pictures were created by children preparatory group. Observations of children confirmed that this game develops mental and speech abilities in children.
There were guys diagnosed with “general speech underdevelopment,” with poor memory, a small vocabulary, and withdrawn. They played alone more often. Teachers played with these children individually and offered pictures for the whole family to play at home. The results were unexpected, the children began to level out, some faster, some slower, but they no longer lagged behind their peers in posting pictures and were even ahead of some. Having overcome their shyness and reticence, these children began to quickly master the alphabet, reading, mathematics, and left kindergarten for school with clear speech, being able to read and count well.
The next stage in complicating this game was the selection of speech material for the pictures: riddles, funny short poems, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, counting rhymes, physical exercises. In a speech therapy kindergarten, this speech material has become especially useful for children with sound pronunciation and speech disorders. While playing “Tangram”, children memorized this material, reinforced and automated sounds in tongue twisters and tongue twisters. The children's speech was enriched and their memory was trained.
While playing “Tangram,” children’s quantitative skills were strengthened. (There are 5 triangles in total, 2 large triangles, 2 small triangles, 1 medium-sized triangle. There are 7 tans in the game in total).
Children practically mastered ordinal counting. So, if we count the tans of the “Rocket” picture from top to bottom, then the square is in fifth place, small triangles are in first and fourth place, the middle triangle is in third, large triangles are in sixth and seventh place<Приложение №1 >.
By counting tanas from top to bottom, from left to right, children practice orientation on a sheet of paper.
When composing this or that picture, children compare the size of the triangles, determine the place for small, large and medium triangles in the pictures of the game “Tangram”.
Children's knowledge of geometric shapes in this game (triangle, square and quadrangle) is constantly reinforced.
By playing and rearranging small cardboard figures, children train the small muscles of their hands and fingers.
In kindergarten speech therapy groups, work is carried out on lexical and grammatical topics, within the framework of which children’s knowledge about the world around them is clarified and consolidated. Pictures for the game “Tangram” have been developed on many topics (wild and domestic animals and birds, trees, houses, furniture, toys, dishes, transport, people, family, flowers, mushrooms, insects, fish, etc.). Pictures have been developed on the topic “Wild Animals”: hare, fox, wolf, bear, squirrel, lion, kangaroo<Приложение №1 >. By playing with pictures and laying them out, children learn a variety of speech material, and also reinforce and automate the sounds set by the speech therapist.
Dads often wonder: what to play with their child at home? Yes, so that the game would be beneficial for the development of the baby. Especially if this baby is already running around and chatting at the top of his lungs.
At a time when mothers love to play development games more creativity child (singing, drawing, sculpting with the baby), fathers often care about the logical and mathematical development of their child. So what should you play?
We offer you a puzzle game “Tangram”, which you, dear dads, can easily make for your children yourself. This game is often called a “cardboard puzzle” or “ geometric constructor" “Tangram” is one of the simple puzzles that a child from 3.5-4 years old can do, and by complicating the tasks, it can be interesting and useful for children 5-7 years old.
How to make a "Tangram"?
Making a puzzle is very simple. You need a square 8x8 cm. You can cut it out of cardboard, from smooth ceiling tiles (if left over after renovation) or from a plastic DVD movie box. The main thing is that this material is equally colored on both sides. Then the same square is cut into 7 parts. These should be: 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Using all 7 parts, tightly attaching them to each other, you can create a lot of different figures based on samples and according to your own design.
How is play useful for a child?
Initially, "tangram" is a puzzle. It is aimed at developing logical, spatial and constructive thinking and intelligence.
As a result of these game exercises and tasks, the child will learn to analyze simple images and highlight geometric shapes, visually break an entire object into parts and, conversely, compose a given model from elements.
So where to start?
Stage 1
To begin with, you can compose images from two or three elements. For example, make a square or a trapezoid from triangles. The child can be asked to count all the pieces, compare them by size, and find triangles among them.
Then you can simply put the parts next to each other and see what happens: a mushroom, a house, a Christmas tree, a bow, a candy, etc.
Stage 2
A little later, you can move on to exercises on folding figures according to a given example. In these tasks you need to use all 7 puzzle elements. It’s better to start by drawing up a hare - this is the simplest of the figures below.
Stage 3
A more difficult and interesting task for the children is to recreate images using contour samples. This exercise requires visual division of the form into its component parts, that is, into geometric shapes. Such tasks can be offered to children 5-6 years old.
This is more complicated - the figures of a person running and sitting.
These are the most difficult pieces in this puzzle. But after practice, we think your guys will be able to do them too.
Here children can collect images according to their own ideas. The picture is first conceived mentally, then the individual parts are assembled, after which the whole picture is created.
Dear dads, it is not at all necessary to spend money on expensive toys. Remember that the most expensive of all toys for a child may be those that you make for him yourself. And, of course, with whom you will play together.
More tasks with answers to the puzzle:
To organize classes, the following tools and accessories are needed: ruler, square, compass, scissors, pencil, cardboard.
- "Tangram"
"Tangram" is a simple game that will be interesting for children and adults. The success of mastering the game in preschool age depends on the level of sensory development of the child. Children should know not only the names of geometric shapes, but also their properties and distinctive features.
A square measuring 100x100 mm, covered on both sides with colored paper, is cut into 7 parts. The result is 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. The resulting figures are used to create various silhouettes.
Pythagoras puzzle
Cut a square measuring 7x7 cm into 7 parts. From the resulting figures, combine various silhouettes.
"Magic Circle"
The circle is cut into 10 parts. The rules of the game are the same as in others similar games: use all 10 parts to create a silhouette, without overlapping one or the other. The cut circle should be colored equally on both sides.
Tangram (Chinese: 七巧板, pinyin qī qiǎo bǎn, lit. “seven tablets of skill”) - a puzzle consisting of seven flat figures, which are folded in a certain way to obtain another, more complex figure (depicting a person, animal, household item, letter or number, etc.). The figure that needs to be obtained is usually specified in the form of a silhouette or an external contour. When solving the puzzle, two conditions must be met: first, you must use all seven tangram shapes, and second, the shapes must not overlap each other.
Figures
The dimensions are given relative to a large square, the sides and area of which are taken equal to 1.
5 right triangles
· 2 small ones (with hypotenuse, equal and legs)
1 middle (hypotenuse and legs)
· 2 large (hypotenuse and legs)
1 square (with side)
1 parallelogram (with sides and and angles and)
Among these seven parts, the parallelogram is distinguished by its lack of mirror symmetry (it has only rotational symmetry), so that its mirror image can only be obtained by turning it over. This is the only part of the tangram that needs to be turned over to form certain shapes. When using a one-sided set (in which the pieces are not allowed to be flipped), there are pieces that can be folded, while their mirror image cannot.
Pedagogical significance of tangram
Promotes the development in children of the ability to play by the rules and follow instructions, visual-figurative thinking, imagination, attention, understanding of color, size and shape, perception, combinatorial abilities.
The author of the book, known to many readers for his appearances in the press about raising children, talks about his experience of using educational games in his family, which allow him to successfully solve the problem of developing a child’s creative abilities.
The book contains a description of games that are a kind of “mental gymnastics” detailed description methods of their implementation and manufacturing methods.
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1. WHAT ARE DEVELOPMENTAL GAMES?
Educational games by Nikitin. Golden mean. Creators and performers. What games does Nikitin have? How many games should you have? "Monkey"
CHAPTER 2. GAME “FOLD THE PATTERN”
When and how to start. Drawing tasks. Errors, help and tips. Not just patterns. Same, not the same. Same color. Dimensions. Check. One, many, several. Counting in order. More, less, equally. The same amount. Guess how much. Count down. Composition of numbers. Let's meet ten. Let's get acquainted with the numbers. Plus, minus, equal. Make-believe. We divide equally. Hide and seek with the score. We train and remember. Orientation in space. Paths and houses. Dictation with cubes. We are looking for treasure. Sequences. What has changed? How was it? Perimeter and area. Figures and their sides. Getting to know the perimeter. Getting to know the square. Both perimeter and area. Combinatorics. Symmetry.
CHAPTER 3. MONTESSORI FRAMEWORKS AND INSERTS
Introduction to the game. We learn to close the “windows”. We close the “windows” ourselves. We draw frames and learn to paint. We draw frames and play. We outline the liners. Let's paint it over. Shading. “Recognize the figure by touch.” Insert by touch. Sort it out. Compare. Matches. "Beads." "House". We train attentiveness.
CHAPTER 4. “UNICUBE”, “FOLD A SQUARE” AND OTHER GAME SETS “Unicube”. "Fold a square."
Color, shape, size. Find something similar. Angles. Length. What does it look like? Let's play Monkey. "Find the mistake." Draw with figures. Small copy. Initial geometry. Fill in the silhouette. What has changed? How was it? Symmetry. "Bricks". "Cubes for everyone."
CHAPTER 5. NOW ATTENTION! "Attention". "Attention! Guess what?
CHAPTER 6. PLANS AND MAPS
Puppet plans. Room and apartment plan. Plan for the little ones. Plan of the surrounding area. My city. Games with real geographical maps. Games with a map hanging on the wall. Games with a card lying on the floor. Map in pieces. Travel games. Game "I know!" Guess what it is?
CHAPTER 7. WHAT TIME IS IT?
Getting to know the clock. Half an hour. How much was it? Five minutes. How to say? Daily routine.
CHAPTER 8. MATHEMATICS WITH NIKITIN GAMES
"Fractions." We play with circles. Same and different. Big and small. From big to small. Let's play Monkey. How was it? Learning to count. Equally. Composition of numbers. Let's get acquainted with fractions. Numerator and denominator. From writing down numbers to counting in your head. Which part is colored? How much is missing? Whole and half. Compare fractions. Not just fractions. And again symmetry. “THERMOMETER” AND “NODES”
BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES.
The text of the book itself occupies 104 pages. The rest of the appendix book is materials for games. Below are photos of individual pages of the book. For example, a page from the chapter “fold a pattern” and a page from the appendix to this game.
Photo of a couple of pages from the chapters “fractions” and “Montessori frames and inserts”
If you evaluate the book by content and style of presentation, I personally would give it a “5+”.
As can be seen from the content, the book discusses techniques for playing Nikitin games. Before purchasing this book, I already had Nikitin’s book “Intellectual Games”. Then I thought, is there still a need for a book if there is a primary source. Having bought the book, I answered myself unequivocally “yes”, because...
1. The book examines not only the games recommended by Nikitin, but also other games invented by Lena Danilova. It turns out that, having several games, you can play for a long time and in a variety of ways.
2. Applications are very useful. We ourselves have so far only used the applications for the “fold the pattern” game. It’s not so easy to start making Nikitin’s patterns right away. The appendix provides examples of drawings, starting with one cube and then increasing in complexity. There are applications for other games as well.
3. The book gives recommendations on how to interest a child if you can’t play right away (general recommendations are also given for specific games). Not all children want to play by the rules, and not all children are ready to show interest only when they see new game, parents of such children will find a lot of useful advice in the book.
Tangram in Chinese literally means "seven planks of skill." It is believed that this is one of the oldest puzzles in the history of human civilization, although this is the first time about this intellectual game was mentioned in a Chinese book during the reign of the seventh Manchu Emperor of the Qing State, who ruled under the motto "Jiaqing - Beautiful and Joyful." And the word “tangram” first appeared in the European lexicon in 1848 in the brochure “Puzzles for Teaching Geometry” written by Thomas Hill, later president of Harvard University.
Considered a classic tangram, it consists of seven flat geometric shapes - two large, one medium and two small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. These figures are folded to form another, more complex figure. Often these figures depict a person in various movements, some animal or object, a letter or number. The figure that needs to be folded is given in the form of a silhouette or outline, and the task is to find a solution to how to place the geometric figures included in the tangram to get the desired result.
When finding a solution to the Tangram, two conditions must be met: first, all seven tangram figures must be used, and second, the figures must not overlap each other (superimpose each other).
As you can see from history, very respected and intelligent people considered such a very simple-looking game to be a way of developing intelligence worthy of the closest attention. Try it too - buy a tangram and put together several figures from these seven polygons.
In addition to this type, there are other types of tangrams. They are all interesting and fun to find a solution. Try it yourself.
Puzzle "Tangram"
One of the most famous tangram fans is the world famous writer and mathematician Lewis Carroll, the same one to whom humanity owes the appearance of the various adventures of the girl Alice. He loved the game and often suggested problems to his friends from a Chinese book he owned with 323 problems.
He also wrote the book “Fashionable Chinese Puzzle,” in which he argued that Napoleon Bonaparte, after his defeat and imprisonment on St. Helena Island, spent time playing the tangram “exercising his patience and resourcefulness.” He had a classic ivory set of this logic game and a book with problems. Confirmation of this activity of Napoleon is in Jerry Slocum’s book “The Tangram Book”.
An equally famous person who liked to think about putting together a puzzle of seven separate figures was Edgar Allan Poe. This popular writer of detective stories with interesting stories often solved tangram puzzle problems.
We talked about only a few famous personalities who were passionate about this interesting logic game. We hope that buying the Tangram puzzle will now be more interesting. It is worth adding that the great variety of possible shapes from the seven geometric shapes is amazing - there are several thousand of them. Perhaps you can add a few more to them.
Tangram puzzle "Stomachion"(Archimedes' Game)
The great thinker and mathematician Archimedes mentions this logic problem in his work, which is now called the Palimpsest of Archimedes. It contains the treatise of the same name “Stomachion”, which talks about such a concept as absolute infinity, as well as combinatorics and mathematical physics. About everything that in our modern era is an important section of computer science.
It is believed that Archimedes made attempts to find out the number of combinations with which it is possible to add up a perfect square from 14 segments. And only in 2003, with the help of a specially developed computer program American Bill Butler was able to calculate everything possible solutions. The mathematician came to the conclusion that this game has a total of 17,152 combinations, and given that the square cannot rotate and cannot have a mirror image, then there are “only” 536 options.
The puzzle game "Stomachion" is very similar to tangram and the main difference is the number and shape of the elements of which it consists. For all its simplicity, this logic game worthy of attention. The ancient Greeks and Arabs placed great importance on challenges and learning through it.
In addition to the task of finding 536 variants of the ideal Archimedes square, this logic game offers you to add different shapes from the 14 geometric shapes that make it up. Try to put together the figures of humans, animals and objects. This is actually not a simple task as it might seem at first glance. The rules are simple: all elements of the Stomachion puzzle can be turned in any direction and all of them must be used.
Tangram is a puzzle that consists of a square cut into 7 parts in a certain way. For preschoolers, tangram is a great lesson to prepare for school. And at the age of 5 - 6 years, children love to play. They are interested in picture puzzles.
The goal of the game is to assemble figures of people, animals, birds, numbers, objects from tangram parts...
Tangram game rules:
- B assembled figure all seven parts must be included.
- The parts must not overlap each other.
- The parts must be adjacent to each other.
Tangram scheme
(print possible in Word, download file by clicking on the picture with the mouse)
Tangram parts
This is the tangram itself; invented pictures are obtained from its parts. You can buy it, but you can easily make it yourself using the construction diagram. The drawing can be printed on colored paper on a printer or drawn yourself using a ruler. Cut out puzzle pieces from colored paper. Then, laying out the desired figure, glue it onto a thick sheet.
An example of a diagram of a dog - made by 1st grade students for a math and technology lesson.
The tangram game for children can be played at several levels of difficulty. It’s better to start with the simplest thing - lay out the figure according to the sample.
Scheme - rocket
This is how you can make a house out of a tangram.
At the second stage, you can invite children to lay out the figures in a continuous pattern.
And the third level, the most difficult: come up with your own figures that look like people, animals, birds. We offer pictures created by children.
Tangram pattern - fox
Hare and camel
Scheme - man
Figures - fish
Print the diagram of tangram animals.
(fox, cat, hare, camel, horse, dog)
Print the tangram numbers diagram
(Clicking on the image will download a Word document file in docx format, which can be printed using Word)
There are various legends about the appearance of the tangram. Here is one of them...
Almost two and a half thousand years ago, the middle-aged Emperor of China gave birth to a long-awaited son and heir. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and smart beyond his years. One thing worried the old emperor: his son, the future ruler of a huge country, did not want to study. The boy found it more enjoyable to play with toys all day long.
The emperor called to himself three wise men, one of whom was known as a mathematician, another became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher, and ordered them to come up with a game, by playing with which, his son would comprehend the principles of mathematics, learn to look at the world around him with the gaze of an artist , would become patient, like a true philosopher, and would understand that complex things are often made up of simple things.
Three wise men came up with "Shi-Chao-Tyu" - a square cut into seven parts.
Many shapes can be made from tangram parts. You can invite your child to make, for example, transport - a boat, an airplane, figures - fencers, a rooster, a pelican, a tree, a candle.
The educational puzzle game “Tangram” is an interesting activity for both children and adults. You can introduce children to it for the first time at 3-4 years old. The game has no upper age limit. Perhaps you yourself will enjoy racking your brains with the ingenious Tangram figures. This is a game that develops children's combinatorial abilities, imagination, attention and the ability to act according to instructions. In addition, “Tangram” will also become a finger exerciser for kids.
The player’s task in the educational game “Tangram” is to put together figures from puzzle pieces so that, firstly, all parts of the puzzle are used, and, secondly, the parts do not overlap each other. The figures can be turned over as desired, placed with either side up. That, in fact, are all the rules.
For children of different ages and developmental tasks in the game “Tangram” should be different.
Tasks of the educational game "Tangram" for children 3-6 years old
For children 3-4 years old, a rather difficult task will be to apply tangram figures to a ready-made sample (answer) of the puzzle. At the same time, children need to compare the size and shape of the figures, find the correct position, and accurately placing the figure on the basis of a hint is not as easy as it seems. Naturally, the figures on the card must exactly match the sizes of the toy figures.
The same tasks should be used with older children, starting to introduce them to this educational game. It is enough to give two or three such tasks and, if the child copes with them easily, you can move on to more complex tasks.
Tasks of the educational game "Tangram" for children 5-8 years old
Children of this age will be able to put together models from tangram figures next to the answer card. In this case, the card may not match actual sizes tangram details. As soon as the child can easily cope with such tasks, you can move on to the next stage.
Tasks of the educational game "Tangram" for children aged seven years and older.
Actually, this is where “Tangram” becomes a puzzle game. The child is asked to assemble the model, presenting only a card with the silhouette of the figure. At seven years old, children will be able to cope with such a task only if they have already played easier versions before.
Creative tasks for the educational game “Tangram”
When the children have already learned how to put together puzzle game figures, you can invite them to try to come up with their own task figures. If you are playing with adult children aged 10-12 years, then you should ask them to sketch such figures in two versions - in silhouette and with hint lines. You can ask a topic. For example, animals of Africa. And organize a competition for the most interesting figure. If the children are still small and cannot sketch the invented figures themselves, then sketch them yourself or take a photograph so that the idea does not disappear.
Making an educational game "Tangram"
Making a “Tangram” with your own hands is very easy. Take two sheets of colored cardboard and firmly glue them together. Then place under a press, dry and cut out a square. Traditionally, the size of the square for the Tangram game was 8x8 cm. But you can make it any size. Cut the square according to the diagram. 
Scheme for cutting a square for the educational puzzle game "Tangram"
In China and Europe in the 17th-19th centuries, this game was made of ivory or wood. It’s unlikely that you have ivory lying around, but it’s very possible. Kids will especially love this toy.
The history of the puzzle game "Tangram"
The history of the Tangram puzzle game is shrouded in mystery. The most widespread legend says that it was invented in China, 4000 years ago, by a certain deity named Tang - a myth invented and launched “to the people” by the American chess player Samuel Loyd. Lloyd was generally the inventor of a wide variety of puzzles. You are probably familiar with one of them. This is a puzzle game called "Tag".
Only one thing can be said for sure about the true history of the creation of the Tangram puzzle game - it was invented in China, most likely in the 18th century. At least the first book about this game was published in China in 1803. By the way, the Chinese do not have a game called “Tangram”; it is called Chi-Chao-Tyu, which translates as “a clever pattern of seven parts.” The puzzle game was brought to America by Chinese sailors. And from America it already came to Europe, where it received its name “Tangram” (“tan” is Chinese, “gram” is a letter).
Figures for the game tangram
Animal figures for the tangram game:
Ostrich tangram 
Tangram bird
Rooster tangram
Fox tangram
Tangram chicken
Goose tangram
Tangram dog
Tangram fish
Swan tangram
Tangram cat
Tangram hare
The cat theme is not over yet. I present to your attention a game tangram "Cats". Tangram (from Chinese “seven planks of skill”) is a puzzle consisting of seven flat figures that are folded in a certain way to create another, more complex one - in our case, these are cats. When solving the puzzle, two conditions must be met: first, you must use all seven tangram shapes, and second, the shapes must not overlap each other.
With a tangram, a child will learn to analyze images, identify geometric shapes in them, learn to visually break an entire object into parts, and vice versa - to compose a given model from elements, and most importantly - to think logically.
This game has different levels of difficulty that can be used with children of different ages.
1. Drawing up figures using the method of overlaying a tangram diagram. The child is given a diagram of the tangram figure, he must put all the elements of the tangram on it. 
2. Compiling figures according to the model. The child is given a tangram diagram, but he must already put together a figure from the elements nearby on the table. 
3. Drawing up figures from a contour image. The child must fold the tangram figure along its contour. 
4. Composing figures according to your own plans. At this stage, the child independently comes up with figures to compose, which develops imagination very well.