New Year in Russia is loved and celebrated with pleasure and joy. This holiday is overgrown with traditions that have developed over many years. Over time, modern customs and practices emerged that are characteristic of our country. Traditions are important for every nation, because they are the connection of new generations with their ancestors, they reveal the essence of the nation, its character. Therefore, we advise all Russians to study New Year traditions in Russia.

Traditions of past centuries

They began to celebrate the New Year according to the new chronology in Russia under Peter I. By his decree, everyone was ordered to decorate their houses with branches of pine, spruce or juniper, have fun and set festive tables, but not to commit any outrages. The fluffy and elegant Christmas tree came to Russian homes in the 19th century. This event is still considered controversial, since according to some sources, the future wife of Nicholas I brought the tree in 1830, and according to others, Empress Catherine in 1855. In those days, people in Russia worshiped the culture of Germany and its traditions, and therefore gladly accepted such a wonderful custom. It was believed that spruce is a sacred tree in which a good spirit lives. In addition, the evergreen plant was a symbol of immortality, and the cones personified health and strength of spirit.

But Russian people learned how to decorate a Christmas tree beautifully from the French. They hung cookies, apples, and bright flowers made of multi-colored paper on the branches of the tree. This tradition quickly spread throughout Germany and throughout Europe.

The custom of giving each other gifts on New Year's Day has survived to this day. Only in ancient times, on these days, did young men choose a bride for themselves and try to appease her with all kinds of offerings.

Carols and fortune telling in the month of Prosinets

In the old days, January was called “Prosinets” for the clear and blue sky between the clouds. At this time, everyone monitored the weather and events to determine the future in the coming year. The girls wondered about the betrothed-mummers, for good luck. The young people had fun from the heart, caroled and collected rich gifts, congratulating the owners on the New Year and Merry Christmas. Carols are a glorious tradition New Year's holidays. This is the Slavic spirit of joy and fun. Basically, the carols sang goodness, wealth and generosity, asked for good luck and prosperity for themselves and for those to whom the carolers came. In gratitude for the good wishes, the owners gave money and delicacies.

Everyone tried to celebrate the holiday with a pure soul and without debt. They were sure to wear new clothes, give money, make peace with relatives and neighbors, and ask each other for forgiveness.

New Year in modern Russia

Before the New Year, we are all preoccupied with preparations for the holiday - we are looking for gifts, trying to time our vacation to coincide with New Year's days, emptying supermarket shelves, standing idle in traffic jams. And yet, with trepidation and joy, we wait for the enchanted night to meet new joy, new happiness at the festive table. Modern customs include garlands, sparkling balls, Olivier salad, surprise pies, sparklers with champagne, and making wishes during the chimes. In many houses, small garlands are hung on the windows so that they flicker welcomingly in the dark, reminiscent of the holiday. In some houses, snowflakes, Father Frost and the Snow Maiden are painted on mirrors and glass.

In cities, loving parents invite fairy-tale characters home to congratulate their children on the holiday and give them gifts. Someone goes abroad to celebrate the New Year on the golden sands of the beaches.

Whatever the old traditions or the new ones that have arisen, this holiday will always be in a special place for Russians. Maybe it's all about beautiful traditions? After all, belonging to a rich history fills any event with special meaning. New Year is no exception. We, too, will someday become part of the past for our descendants. Let them know only good things about our lives.

The best gift stores in Russia you can trust

1. dolina-podarkov.ru - A gift shop without competition. No one else has such an original and large assortment. Very fast response to orders.
2. - The best personalized gifts. The choice is huge. Everything is done solidly, but the prices are sometimes steep.

For all people. Each region has its own customs and traditions associated with this celebration.

It is also noteworthy that in each state the New Year is celebrated at its own time. Many peoples, including Russians, live according to the Gregorian calendar. They celebrate the New Year on the night of December 31st to January 1st. Taking into account standard time, the first to celebrate here are the inhabitants of the island of Kiribati in Pacific Ocean. But in Europe, the main holiday is considered to be Christmas, which is celebrated on the night of December 24-25. In China, the holiday coincides with the winter new moon, which occurs between January 21 and February 21. The traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries are very interesting. Next we will talk about them.

New Year - a holiday from ancient times

No one can say for sure how old this holiday is. But it is known that it existed already in the 3rd millennium BC. The tradition of celebrating the New Year on January 1 was established by the Roman ruler Julius Caesar. In those days in Ancient Rome On this day, the god Janus was especially revered - the lord of choice, doors and all beginnings. He was depicted with two faces: one was turned back (the past year), and the other was turned forward ( New Year). As now, different countries around the world have had their own traditions of celebrating the New Year many centuries ago. Then people firmly believed that their lives were controlled by higher powers. This is reflected in traditions and customs. So, in our country, Santa Claus had predecessors - the spirit Zimnik, the evil deity Karachun, Slavic god bad weather and storms Pozvizd. As a rule, they were feared. They brought with them hail, blizzards, destruction and death. The ancient Celts celebrated Samhain on the night of October 31st. This day was considered mystical. People believed that the border between the world of the living and the world of the dead was being erased at this time. A horde of evil is falling upon the earth. On Samhain it was necessary to light bonfires, sing, walk and have fun. Then the evil spirits will not dare to come out. Later, this holiday replaced the well-known Halloween.

New Year in Russia

Residents of our country love this holiday. After all, he is the kindest, cheerful, bright. It is noteworthy that on January 1 in Russia it began to be celebrated in 1700. Then Tsar Peter 1 issued a corresponding decree. True, our country then lived according to the Julian calendar. Since 1919, Russia began to be celebrated in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The most important attribute of our celebration is a dressed-up christmas tree. In the evening of December 31st, all relatives and friends in many families gather to celebrate old year and meet a new one. Traditional dishes on the table this holiday: Olivier salads and herring under a fur coat, cabbage rolls, dumplings, fried chicken and, of course, tangerines. On this day, kind Grandfather Frost comes to the children. He is dressed in a red, blue or silver fur coat with patterns, a hat and large mittens. A long, gray beard, shaggy eyebrows whitened by frost, rosy cheeks... Who doesn’t recognize Santa Claus? He has a staff in his hand and a large bag of gifts behind his back. Sometimes he is accompanied by his granddaughter, the beautiful Snow Maiden.

All the children wait for this event all year, sending wishes for future gifts and gifts. These are the traditions we have for celebrating the New Year. It has its own meaning for children in different countries.

China

If in Russia the New Year holiday is associated with winter cold, snow, frost, then in other countries it has a different meaning. So, in China it is called the Spring Festival and is celebrated between January 21 and February 21, when the moon completes its full cycle and the new moon occurs. The celebrations here last 15 days and end. Both adults and children participate in the events. From the very morning, people clean their houses because they believe that cleanliness is not a place for evil spirits. At this time, the streets are dazzled by bright festive clothes, fair goods and lights. In the evening, people gather in a close family circle for dinner, where they often give each other not gifts, but red envelopes with money. It is customary to give such gifts even to children and work colleagues. When it gets dark, people go out into the streets to set off fireworks, fireworks, and burn incense. Chinese unusual traditions of celebrating the New Year are interesting. In different countries of the world, customs are usually associated with folk epic. China is no exception. The people of this country believe in ancient legend about the terrible monster Nian, who came on New Year’s Eve to eat all people’s livestock, supplies and grain, and sometimes even children. One day people saw how Nian was afraid of a child dressed in red clothes.

Since then, they began to hang red lanterns and scrolls near their homes on New Year’s Eve to scare away the beast. Festive fireworks and incense are also considered good repellers of this monster.

Vibrant India

The traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries of the world are original and mysterious. In India, the main holiday of the year is called Diwali, or the Festival of Lights. It is celebrated at the end of October or beginning of November. What can you see on this day on the streets of Indian cities? All houses and statues of gods and animals are decorated with bright flowers, lights, lanterns and lit candles. The holiday is dedicated to the goddess Lakshmi - the embodiment of wealth, abundance, prosperity, good luck and happiness. On this day, it is customary to give everyone interesting gifts. Gifts for children are placed on a special tray intended for this purpose, and then they are brought to it with eyes closed. In the evening, when it gets dark, people go out into the streets to set off festive fireworks and firecrackers.

Land of the Rising Sun

Japan also has its own traditions of celebrating the New Year. In different countries of the world, treats are prepared for children on this day. Japan is no exception. Both children and adults adore the sweet delicacy mochi. These are round small loaves or cakes made of rice flour, decorated with orange fruit on top. Giving mochi means wishing a person prosperity and wealth in the coming year.

On this day, the Japanese also eat boiled seaweed, fish pie, sweet potato puree with chestnuts, and sweet soybeans. And, of course, the New Year celebration is not complete without songs and dances. In Japan, there is a tradition of everyone getting together and playing games: hanetsuki (shuttlecock game), board game with chips sugoroku, uta-garuta and others. The streets are crowded on holiday. The shops are full of New Year's souvenirs: hamaimi (arrows that drive away evil spirits from the house), kumade (bamboo rakes like a bear's paw), takarabune (boats with rice for good luck). As a rule, on holidays, children here, as well as in China, are given not gifts, but money placed in a special envelope called potibukuro.

In France and England

We look at what traditions exist for celebrating the New Year in different countries. I wonder how this day is celebrated in Europe? For example, in England, houses are decorated not only with Christmas trees, but also with mistletoe branches. They are hung everywhere, even on lamps and chandeliers. The front door is also decorated with a mistletoe wreath. It is believed that this plant brings happiness to the house and protects its inhabitants from diseases. In France, it is not Father Frost who comes to children, but old man Père Noel in a fur coat, a red cap and wooden shoes. He moves on a donkey. Children believe that Père Noel climbs into the chimney and puts gifts for them in shoes specially prepared for this in front of the fireplace.

On this day, adults dance in red caps, fool around, have fun, joke, and sprinkle confetti on each other. As you can see, the traditions of celebrating the New Year are similar in Europe. In different countries on English the shortest congratulation sounds like this: “Happy New Year!”, which means: “Happy New Year!”

Italy

In this country, the celebration begins on January 6th. On the eve of the holiday, children hang stockings near the fireplace. They hope to receive many delicious and wonderful gifts. Only they are given here not by Santa Claus, as with us, but by a kind and affectionate fairy named Befana. Children believe that she flies in on her broom at night, opens all the doors in the house with a special golden key and fills their stockings with all kinds of gifts. Befana loves obedient and well-mannered children. The one who spent a whole goal just being naughty and playing pranks will receive only a black coal and a handful of ash as a reward. Adult Italians don't believe in witches. But they are convinced that the New Year is a time to pay tribute to centuries-old traditions. For example, residents of this country throw out old and unnecessary things from the house when the clock strikes, thus getting rid of the problems of the old year. They believe that new items purchased to replace those thrown away will bring them good luck and happiness. Here, as in many countries, on the eve of the holiday people give each other gifts. In the provinces you may be presented with an olive sprig in water taken from a spring. It is believed that such a symbolic gift brings happiness. Every family must have lentils, nuts and grapes on the table on this day. In order for good luck to accompany you in all matters throughout the year, you must eat them. It is also worth noting that Italians are very superstitious people. They believe in all sorts of omens. For example, it is believed that if in the morning after New Year's Eve If you meet a priest first on the way, then the year will be unlucky. If a child gets in the way, that’s also not good. But the hunchbacked grandfather, who comes to the meeting, promises health and good luck for the whole next year.

In Ireland

We continue to travel around Europe. The traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries have a lot in common. In English, congratulations on the occasion can also be heard in Ireland. Here this holiday is considered not only a family one. On the eve of it, the doors of all houses open wide. Anyone can enter any of them and join the celebration. The guest will definitely be seated in the place of honor, the best delicacies will be placed in front of him and toasts will be made to “World Peace!” It’s hard to imagine the Irish New Year without the traditional treat here, called seed cake. This is a cumin cake. Local housewives also prepare a special pudding for the festive table. After a rich feast, everyone goes for a walk outside. By half past twelve, the Irish gather in the central square of the city, where there is a large Christmas tree. The real fun begins with songs, dances, and jokes.

Bulgaria

There are traditions for celebrating the New Year here. In different countries, treats are prepared for children on this day. In Bulgaria it could be candied pumpkin, caramel apples or homemade marmalade. A traditional New Year's dish is bannitsa. This is a puff pastry. And in Bulgaria there is a tradition of placing a loaf of bread with a coin in it on the festive table. After the loaf is cut, everyone looks for a coin in their piece. After the feast, both adults and children here make dogwood sticks, decorating them with dried fruits, nuts, heads of garlic, coins and tying them with red thread. They are called suruvachki. This item must be hit on everyone in the family to bring them health and good luck. Sometimes they go to their neighbors with suruvachki to wish them all the best. And then the young people pour out into the street singing and dancing.

When the clock on the city tower strikes midnight, marking the beginning of the year, the entire city turns off the kissing lights for three minutes. There are even competitions to see who can kiss the most.

In Cuba

We are used to celebrating the New Year with snow and frost. I wonder how this holiday is celebrated where it is always summer? The customs of celebrating the New Year in different countries of the tropical zone, such as, for example, Cuba, are unique. Here on this day they dress up conifer araucaria or even just a palm tree. Instead of champagne, people drink rum, diluting it with orange juice, liqueur and adding ice. In Cuba, there is an interesting tradition on the eve of the celebration to fill all the buckets, jugs and basins in the house with water. At midnight this water is poured out of the windows. It is believed that in this way people protect their home from adversity and misfortune. Before the clock strikes 12, everyone must have time to eat twelve grapes and make a wish. Then you can be sure that good luck and peace and prosperity will accompany you all year. There is also a Santa Claus here. Only he is not alone, like with us. There are three of them in Cuba: Balthasar, Gaspar and Melchior.

On the eve of the holiday, the child writes notes to them with wishes about what gifts they would like to receive from them. All night Cubans walk and have fun, sing, joke and throw water on each other. Here they believe that this brings happiness to a person and charges with positive energy.

Sultry Brazil

The life of this country has always been closely connected with the ocean. For many centuries, the goddess of the seas, Iemanja, played a leading role in local folklore. It is with her that the local customs of celebrating the New Year are associated. In different countries of the world on this day people cast magic spells and perform ritual ceremonies. In Brazil, on the eve of the holiday, residents try to appease the goddess Iemanja so that she will show favor and patience to them throughout the next year. She is depicted as a beautiful woman in long blue robes with flowing hair the color of lunar silver paths. Many Brazilians try to dress the same way on this day. Iemanja is very fond of fun and dancing. Therefore, people go to the beach in the evening, sing, walk, congratulate each other and perform a magical ritual for good luck. It consists of sending small rafts into the ocean with fruits, rice, sweets, mirrors, scallops and lit candles. While doing this, people pray and sing ritual songs, trying to appease the formidable goddess. Women in long robes throw bright flowers into the ocean waters, making wishes. The action ends with a half-hour fireworks display. These are the unusual traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries, where there is eternal summer.

In Australia

Tired of snow and cold? Where to go We continue to look at the traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries. Comic performances are usually staged everywhere. Australians celebrate this holiday among the first on the planet. Identity here, as a rule, goes under open air. Beach parties, loud songs, fun dancing, fantastic fireworks, music festivals with the participation of world stars: all this can be seen in Melbourne and Sydney on New Year's Eve. Santa Claus in a red cap and pants on a surfboard on the beach... You can only see this in Australia.

At exactly midnight, city streets are filled with the sounds of car horns and the ringing of bells. This is how Australians try to ring in the New Year for their visit. As you can see, the traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries are very different.

Colombia

To remember summer and enjoy its beauty in winter, let's go to Colombia. It has its own interesting customs for celebrating the New Year. In different countries of the world, the main character is Santa Claus, whose arrival marks the beginning of the new year. And in Colombia, the main hero of the holiday is the Old Year, who walks the streets and amuses the local children. Often his role is played by a scarecrow on a long stick, which is burned on the beach at midnight. It is believed that after this the old year left the country forever and gave way to the new one. There is also a Santa Claus here. His name is Papa Pasquale. He is dressed in a red fur coat and hat, just like ours main character holiday. Only he walks on long stilts, which makes both adults and children incredibly funny.

Seeing him, the city residents begin to whistle, throw firecrackers and fire guns into the air. He doesn't bring gifts. But everyone knows that Papa Pasquale is a master at arranging fireworks. It is believed that it is he who decorates the New Year's sky with multi-colored fireworks and lights.

New Year in Africa

The traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries are interesting. Curious, how is the celebration celebrated in African countries? After all, this continent is considered the birthplace of this holiday. If we decorate a Christmas tree for the New Year, palm trees are often decorated here, not only with toys, but also with fresh fruits

In many African countries, there is a tradition of scattering green nuts along the streets. It is believed that whoever finds such a nut will definitely be happy this year. As a rule, this holiday in the countries of the “black” continent is celebrated on January 1. But there are exceptions, for example, Ethiopia. The celebration takes place here on September 1st. This time in the country marks the end of the rainy period and the beginning of the ripening of fruits. On the eve of the main holiday of the year, young and old try to swim in the river. People believe that in this way they leave all sins in the past and enter the New Year with a pure soul. The holiday itself takes place with songs, celebrations and dances around a set fire to a sheaf of palm branches decorated with yellow flowers.

Different countries have their own traditions of celebrating the New Year. Photo, interesting facts from many corners of the planet: everything can be found in our article.

10
Oct
2008

Krause catalogue. All coins of the world from 1801 to 1900.

Format: PDF, eBook (originally computer)
Year of manufacture: 2007
Colin Bruce, Thomas Michael.
Genre: Numismatics
Publisher: Krause
Number of pages: 1248
Description: Standard Krause catalogue. All coins of the world from 1801 to 1900.

25
Dec
2016

Dmitry, Odessa

|

25-12-2016 21:52:14

20
May
2018

Directory catalogue. Coins of the RSFSR, USSR and Russia 1921-2018 (V.E. Semenov)

ISBN: 978-5-94088-039-4

Author: V.E. Semenov
Year of release: 2018
Genre: Numismatics

Language: Russian
Number of pages: 94
Description: The Konros catalog-reference book on coins of the USSR and Russia is now in its 45th edition. When describing coins, information about mints, mintages, fineness and weight of coins is indicated, and the diameter is indicated. Contains average market prices, as well as a coin release plan for 2019. Convenient and practical catalog of coins of the USSR and Russia. Coins are divided into types (by denomination and in chronological order) and varieties with...

17
Dec
2017

Directory catalogue. Coins of the RSFSR, USSR and Russia 1921-2018 (Semyonov V.E.)

ISBN: 978-5-94088-037-0
Format: PDF, Scanned pages
Author: Semenov V.E.
Year of release: 2017
Genre: Numismatics
Publisher: CJSC "Conros", St. Petersburg
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 94
Description: Due to the unstable situation in the Russian numismatic market, timely updating of current prices for various coin types seems very relevant - which is what was done in this publication. The catalog contains current market prices for all coins of a given period, also indicates an approximate gradation of prices in accordance with the safety of the coin, a plan for the release of coins for the next year by the Central...

28
Aug
2016

Coins of the RSFSR, USSR and Russia 1921-2016. May 2016. Directory catalog (V. Semenov (ed.))

ISBN: 978-5-94088-035-6

Author: V. Semenov (ed.)
Year of manufacture: 2016
Genre: Collectibles, coins and banknotes
Publisher: Auction house "Konros"
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 88
Description: The directory includes descriptions and images of regular issue coins, proof coins, local issue coins and commemorative coins from precious metals and copper-nickel alloy, as well as bimetallic coins and themed sets. When describing coins, information about mints, mintages, fineness of metal and weight of coins is indicated, their...

12
Apr
2012

Catalog-reference book "Konros". Coins of the RSFSR, USSR and Russia 1921-2012 (edition December 31, 2011)

Year of manufacture: 2011
Genre: Numismatics
Publisher: Konros-Inform
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 42
Description: “Coins of the RSFSR, USSR and Russia 1921-2012” includes regular issues, proof coins, local issues, commemorative coins made of precious metals and copper-nickel alloy, as well as bimetallic coins and themed sets. Gives information on mints, circulation, fineness and weight of coins. Contains market prices, as well as the release plan for 2012.

21
Jan
2013

Coins and banknotes of the world No. 1-4

Format: PDF (scanned pages)
Year of manufacture: 2013
Genre: Numismatics
Publisher: Hachette Collections
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 16
Scan author: Vitautus & Kali
Official website: http://money-collection.ru
Description: Collect coins and banknotes from five continents, learn to decipher their symbols and images to penetrate the depths of the history of the peoples of the world. Collecting coins and banknotes is one of the most ancient hobbies. This pleasant pastime was first common among emperors, monarchs and aristocrats, and over time it became a public entertainment...

12
Sep
2015

Coins and banknotes of the world No. 01-120

Format: PDF, Scanned pages
Year of manufacture: 2013-2015
Genre: Numismatics
Publisher: Hachette collections
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 28
Description: Would you like to hold a banknote from the reign of Saddam Hussein in your hands? or Afghan banknotes before the Taliban spread in the country? Admire the exoticism of Tanzanian coins, Zambian banknotes or unique Indian coins. The collection of Coins and Banknotes of the World invites you to look into the unexplored corners of our planet and get acquainted with the amazing monetary units of the countries of the world. Scanning and processing: Vitautu...

01
Dec
2013

Complete encyclopedia of world tanks. 1915-2000 (Gennady Kholyavsky)

ISBN: 985-13-8603-0, Military History Library

Compiled by: Gennady Kholyavsky
Year of manufacture: 2006
Genre: Encyclopedia, military history
Publisher: "Harvest". Minsk
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 601
Description: This book is a reference publication dedicated to the problems of the formation and development of world tank building. For the first time, such extensive factual material has been collected in one book, including information about the history of creation, design features, combat use and the evolution of almost all serial tanks produced in the world since the 19th ...

28
Jan
2018

Warships of the world. Heavy cruisers of Italy (1927-1945) (Trubitsyn S. B.)

ISBN: 5-98830-002-2
Series: World Warships
Format: PDF, Scanned pages
Author: Trubitsyn S. B.
Year of manufacture: 2004
Genre: Military equipment
Publisher: ANO "Istflot"
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 71
Description: The book is dedicated to the history of the design, construction and combat service of Italian heavy cruisers. Italy was among the victorious powers of the First World War and took its rightful place at the peace conference in Versailles. In 1923, a program for the development of the Italian armed forces was developed. All Italian heavy cruisers were named after cities received by I...

16
Jul
2017

New catalog of strong earthquakes on the territory of the USSR from ancient times to 1975 (Kondorskaya N.V., Shebalin N.V. (ed.))

Format: PDF, Scanned pages
Author: Kondorskaya N.V., Shebalin N.V. (ed.)
Year of manufacture: 1977
Genre: History of earthquakes
Publisher: Nauka
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 536
Description: The catalog contains the most complete information about strong earthquakes in the USSR. When compiling, a new method of comprehensive data interpretation was used, on the basis of which all the material from macroseismic and instrumental seismological observations was re-processed. All data is presented in a unified form, providing direct coding and input into a computer for solving various seismological, seismic...

28
Dec
2014

Regicide March 11, 1801 (Collection)

Author: Collection
Year of manufacture: 2014
Genre: Historical prose
Publisher: Can't buy it anywhere
Performer: Evgeniy Ternovsky
Duration: 16:43:41
Description: The book includes only reliable sources, and not retellings based on rumors and speculation. The purpose of this publication is to contribute to a complete clarification of the truth about the bloody events and the coup of 1801 (the assassination of Emperor Paul I). The book includes the most reliable and important testimony of eyewitnesses of those events, both direct participants in the coup and people close to Emperor Paul, his family...

17
Sep
2015

Russia in the 19th century (1801-1914) (Pushkarev S.G.)

ISBN: no
Format: FB2, OCR without errors
Author: Pushkarev S.G.
Year of manufacture: 1956
Genre: history
Publisher:
New York: Chekhov Publishing House
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 509
Description: The book of the outstanding Russian historian Sergei Germanovich Pushkarev “Russia in the 19th century (1801-1914)” was published by the American publishing house named after Chekhov in 1956. “...in all areas of life - in the field of state building, social organization, economic activity and cultural creativity - Russia in the pre-war era quickly and successfully moved forward, overcoming its backwardness and its shortcomings...

21
Mar
2014

All the gold in the world, or Vacation in Zurbagan (Leonid Ostretsov)

Format: audiobook, MP3, 96kbps
Author: Leonid Ostretsov
Year of manufacture: 2014
Genre: Contemporary prose
Publisher: Can't buy it anywhere
Performer: Irina Vorobyova
Duration: 15:46:47
Description: The exciting, dizzying plot of the novel develops in an amazing country, familiar to everyone from the books of Alexander Greene. There, in the intricacy storylines and turns, covering different countries and eras, life plays a bizarre game with the destinies of heroes. This is the first book by the young author Leonid Ostretsov, and it promises success
Add. information: Read from the publication: M. Vagrius, 2004
Cleared: sky4all Processed...

01
Nov
2013

Jack Ryan Universe 05. All the Fears in the World (Clancy Tom)

Format: audiobook, MP3, 96kbps
Author: Tom Clancy
Year of manufacture: 2013
Genre: Suspense novel
Publisher: Can't buy it anywhere
Performer: Vyacheslav Gerasimov
Duration: 45:21:55
Description: An action-packed novel by the most popular American writer Tom Clancy, written in the form of a political detective story and dedicated to the struggle of the intelligence services of Washington and Moscow against international terrorism and attempts by terrorists to unleash a third world war. Jack Ryan's Universe 1. Patriot Games 2. The Hunt for Red October 3. The Kremlin Cardinal 4. The Real Threat 5. All the Fears of the World 6. Without Pity 7. Before...

31
Jul
2016

All about the most famous orders of the world. Atlas-reference book (Sergey Afonkin)

ISBN: 978-5-9603-0085-8
Format: PDF, eBook (originally computer)
Author: Sergey Afonkin
Year of manufacture: 2008
Genre: Orders, medals, insignia
Publisher: SZKEO KRISTAL
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 208
Description: The book tells about famous orders of the world and, first of all, about the orders of Europe. The most detailed examples are the orders of Austria, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Sweden and Japan. Information about all orders of Russia is provided. The texts tell about the history of the creation of the order, its symbols, the number of degrees and award rules. At the same time, everyone is so very...

30
Jul
2017

The role of the masses in the liberation war of 1648-1654. and the reunification of Ukraine with Russia (Pinchuk Yu.A.)

Format: DjVu, Scanned pages
Author: Pinchuk Yu.A.
Year of manufacture: 1986
Genre: History
Publisher: Naukova Dumka
Language: Russian
Number of pages: 216 Scanning and processing: GPU3
Description: The monograph covers the Soviet historiography of the liberation war of 1648-1654. and the reunification of Ukraine with Russia. The decisive role of the masses in these events and the degree to which this problem has been studied in historical literature. The inconsistency and anti-scientific nature of bourgeois-nationalist interpretations of the issues under consideration are shown. For researchers, teachers and students of history...

Hello, dear readers. Today I decided to talk about the Krause Catalogue, or more precisely and correctly - about the Krause Catalogs, because... this is not the only publication and not even a number of editions of the same catalogue, but a whole series of numismatic and bonistic catalogs, united by a single name Krause catalogs.

These catalogs of coins and banknotes are highly professional publications, as a result of which their prices are quite high. But both the significance and the volume of publications are very large and extensive, thanks to which Krause’s Catalogs are widely in demand today, and I will not hesitate to use this word - world famous! So, from lyrics to practice.

When did the Krause Catalog begin to be published?

First, it’s worth understanding who Krause is. Back in 1952, a retired American soldier Chester Krause (Chester Krause) creates a publishing house of the same name ( Krause Publications). It is quite difficult to describe the entire history in one article, and this is not the goal I wanted to achieve, but it is worth noting that the above-mentioned publishing house throughout its history has specialized in the field of collecting and numismatics, which was served by the passion of Chat Krause.

An important stage in the life of a publishing house becomes first edition of the Krause Coin Catalog 1972 ( ), edited by Chester Krause with Clifford Mishler. It was from this moment that they gained truly enormous fame not only in their country (USA), but also beyond its borders.

About "Old Man Krause" and the use of this term.

Have you come across this term before? Maybe. Great and powerful... well, that’s not what I wanted. I’ll try to keep it simple and brief: collectors often use this term in private conversations, some of them truly believe that there is a certain American old man, Mr. Krause, who has been publishing the Price List Catalog of the same name for many years, some of them mean the publication itself by this phrase, those. the book itself.

We will make it clear: Mr. Krause is indeed one of the most famous numismatists in the world, and it is he who is the publisher of the first (and not only) Krause Catalogs on numismatics (we have already written about this). But it so happened that the Publishing House has not belonged to Chester Krause since the beginning of the 2000s. He simply sold it to new owners, and sold it along with the “name” of the publishing house. Of course, the new owner did not ruin the well-promoted brand and continued to release new Catalogs under the same name. From a marketing point of view, it is one hundred percent justified.

Thus, for many years, Mr. Krause’s opinion on the Catalog of the same name does not apply and it is more correct to call the publication “Standard Catalog of World Coins. Publisher: Krause.” And the term (expression) is " Old Krause"correlate specifically with the publication (catalogue), and not with the person.

In what languages ​​and in what countries is the catalog published?

I’ll start with the “fly in the ointment” - the Krause Catalog is not translated into Russian. As previously mentioned, the Krause publishing house is located in the United States of America, and they publish their publications in their native language - English.

But you shouldn’t be so upset, world languages ​​are world languages, and the language of numismatics, for an initiated person, is a little different and to a certain extent international. Work with Coin Catalog and Catalog paper money Krause's case is not so complicated, it is compiled in a fairly understandable way, and if we stumble upon a complex English term, we can all turn to a translator on the Internet, incl. There are usually no problems with understanding information in the Krause Catalogs.

The most famous and popular Krause Catalogs.

As I already wrote, Krause Publications has always specialized in the field of collectors' interests. Among their publications there are Catalogs on Militaria, Small Arms and Melee Weapons, Hunting and Fishing.

But nevertheless, the publishing house brought its world fame to catalogs on numismatics and bonistics. These include:

• Standard Catalog of World Coins;
• Unusual world coins ( Unusual coins peace);
• North American Coins & Prices (Catalog and price list of US coins);
• Standard Catalog of World Paper Money.

Krause coin catalogs.

As you understand, you, my dear readers, and I, of course, are most interested in the Krause Catalogs on numismatics and, to the greatest extent, in the Catalogs that include Russian coins. So to speak, a view from foreign collectors, how THEY see our coins.

I will give a few examples from the latest Krause Catalogs on numismatics:

• 2015 Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1801-1900, 8th Edition;
• 2016 Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1901-2000, 43rd Edition;
• 2016 Standard Catalog of World Coins, 2001-Date, 10th Edition.

Practical application of Krause Catalogues.

It is probably quite stupid to discuss in detail why professional numismatists need Coin Catalogs; they probably themselves know how to use them and why. But for novice collectors, or those who have not previously encountered this publication, but no longer consider themselves beginners, I will explain the practical component of working with the Krause Catalogs.

Like any directory, The Krause catalog contains systematic information about the issue of coins by a certain country (issuer) in a certain period of time (circulation period). Thus, we get a professionally compiled table of all issues (years and main varieties) of all types and denominations of coins. Based on which we will build our own collection, at the same time checking with it about the presence or absence of certain coins.

In addition, the Krause Standard Catalog of World Coins is not only a Catalog, but also Price tag for coins. Thanks to this, we can use it as a tool for evaluating collections and individual coins.

And thirdly, the Krause Publishing House Standard Coin Catalog is a multifaceted catalogue. It includes information about coins from many countries around the world, and this can be useful for a novice collector who is just choosing which collection to start collecting, and is already quite to an experienced numismatist, who has decided not to limit himself to collecting coins from just one country and wants to start new collections from foreign coins, but for which he needs introductory information.

Where to buy or download the Krause Catalog?

There is nothing complicated with this question in our modern world. It is enough to contact any book or numismatic store in big city. For those who find it difficult (due to remoteness or other difficulties) but really want to buy the Krause Catalog - there is the Internet. Ordering books has now become so easy that even a child school age or a person of retirement age who has poor computer skills will be able to cope with this task.

Regarding Downloading the Krause Catalog: I have an ambivalent attitude towards this issue, I’ll explain. Of course, any Internet user knows perfectly well that downloading a scanned, copied, stolen publication is quite simple. RucCoins.TK ADMINISTRATION STANDS FOR COPYRIGHT and of course does not recommend searching for and downloading the Krause Catalog from the Internet, because the copyright holder does not publish this publication for free (this is a fact), thereby committing this action You will take on administrative and criminal liability... well, pangs of conscience;) On the other hand, purchasing a publication without looking at the cost of which is calculated in thousands of rubles is an act that requires a confident decision based on the fact that this publication will be of the same quality and volume useful information, which you expect from him. Therefore, well, at least with one eye, it’s worth a look, but after that, be sure to go and buy the official publication! In addition, scanned versions of the Krause Catalog will most likely be of too low quality and their practical use will be quite problematic.

... and in conclusion.

Perhaps we have considered the issue of Krause Catalogs from all sides, and what is Krause catalog, and How to apply it and Why it is needed - should now be clear. I’ll just add one thing, this catalog is not aimed at collectors Russian coins, and far from the only catalog and price tag. Therefore, if you decide to take this catalog along with others - definitely YES, we recommend it. If you are faced with a choice: either Krause or some other catalog on coins of Russia and the USSR, approach the issue as scrupulously as possible.

That's all. Thank you for your attention.