Denarius with the image of Caesar. Coins of ancient Rome Silver denarius

Ancient Rome was a powerful state that occupied large areas. In order to control everything and keep the lands in subjection, it was necessary not only to act by force, but also to have an advanced financial system. With its introduction to the newly conquered lands, it was more difficult for the people to separate from the Romans. In this article we will take a closer look at the coins that were in use in Ancient Rome.

Bronze coins of Rome

Ass

This coin first appeared during the Republic period, although, according to legend, Servius Tullius began minting it. The weight of the ass was 11 grams, and the diameter was 28 mm. It is interesting that before the appearance of this coin, ingots of raw copper were in use.

There was 2 types of this coin: imperial and maritime. The naval ace was used only to pay the sailors' salaries. These coins were minted under the supervision of naval prefects.

On the obverse Janus was depicted, and on the reverse were written the name of the city where the coin was created, the denomination and a ship was depicted. The imperial ace contained an image of the emperor on the obverse, and on reverse there was the emperor's monogram and a colonnade. Various abbreviations were also often carved.

Today the price of such a coin is about 300 US dollars.

Semis

Another ancient Roman bronze coin that was worth ½ asses. The weight of the monetary unit was 3.88 grams and the diameter was 18 mm. The coin was established during the Republic, and abolished under Emperor Hadrian.

On one side of the semis there was a bust of Saturn, and on the other there was a portrait of the emperor. During the Republic, Saturn was depicted on both sides and the denomination designation was the Latin letter “S”.

To add such a coin to your collection, you need to pay price from 60 to 80 dollars.

Triens

This coin had a value of 1/3 asses or 4 ounces. Four dots on both sides indicated that it was worth 4 ounces. This coin weighed 10.58 grams and the size was 23-24 mm.

She had on the obverse the image of the emperor, but during the period of the Republic Minevra was depicted there. On reverse there is the bow of the galley, if we are talking about sea money, or a colonnade with the emperor’s monogram. It was on the reverse that the denomination of the coin was always written.

Today the market is average triens cost is 50-80 US dollars. Although, there are copies in good condition, the price of which reaches $120.

Quadrans

Quadrans is one of the smallest bronze coins in Roman use. It cost ¼ ace.

Outwardly, it had the shape of an irregular circle. On the obverse it was written “SC”, which indicated the denomination “Senatus Consulto”, and there was also a circular inscription. Reverse contained two hands in the form of a handshake and a circular inscription in Latin.

It is worth noting that this coin disappeared from use in the 2nd century. Throughout the history of its existence, not only bronze, but also copper and silver were used. That's why average cost Today it is quite difficult to determine. However, regardless of the metal, all coins weighed 3.3-3.5 grams and had a diameter of 17-19 mm. If we talk about bronze coins, then their approximate price 20-70 US dollars.

Sextance

This coin was worth 1/6 asses, as the name suggests. It weighed 2.85 grams and was about 15 mm in diameter. The denomination on the coin is depicted as 2 circles, which means 2 ounces. Sextance first appeared during the Republic, but disappeared with the collapse of the Roman Empire.

On the obverse various pictures were minted: animals, images of people, shells and much more. There is a dotted decorative border around the entire circle of the coin. Only in the 3rd century did an image of Mercury appear here.

On reverse the bow of a galley or the inscription “ROMA” was depicted. The cost of a sextant on the modern market is around 50 US dollars. There are copies that sell for 10-12 dollars.

Ounce

Ounce is the smallest everyday coin in the Roman Empire.

Outwardly she not much different from sextance, only its size was 8 mm and its weight was 1.5 grams. Quite a few ounces have survived to this day, but despite this, price their prices are quite low in the modern market. The average price per coin is 10-18 dollars.

Silver coins of Rome

Double denarius or Antoninian

It was the most expensive silver coin in Ancient Rome. It weighed at various times from 11 to 15 grams, and the diameter was 27-30 mm.

There were various images on the coin. These could be animals or plants, or they could be deities. The reverse, as a rule, depicted the profile of the emperor or the emperor on horseback. A lot has survived to this day double denarii in good condition. Therefore they price quite low. On average, such a coin can be purchased for $50.

Denarius

Denarius – most common coin in Ancient Rome. It was used when making external and internal trade transactions. It was first minted in 268 AD. The symbol for the denarius is “X, X”. This symbol is explained by the fact that 1 denarius was equal to 10 asses.

Initially, the weight of this coin was 4.5 grams, but later it periodically changed downwards.

Externally a denarius looked like this: on the obverse there was an image of the emperor with a laurel wreath on his head, and an inscription in Latin in a circle; the reverse contained images of Roman gods. It was on the reverse that the mark on the denomination of the coin was located. Today, denarii are sold on the market for 120-150 dollars. If the copy is in excellent condition, then the price can exceed $200.

Double victoriat and victoriat

These silver coins cost 20 asses and 10 asses respectively. They were mostly used in foreign trade. They appeared in 269 as a result of another financial reform.

On the obverse Jupiter was depicted, and on reverse Victoria, from which the name of the coin came. The double victoriat weighed 6 grams, and the victoriat weighed 3 grams. However, they did not last long. These coins completely replaced denarii, which were more popular among traders, from circulation.

Today buy double victoriat you can get it for 100-120 US dollars, and the Victoriat is about 100 dollars. The safety of coins is usually quite good, since silver is a wear-resistant material.

Quinarius

Quinarium cost 5 asses and was not very popular among traders. However, this coin was minted for almost 5 centuries. 1 quinarium weighed about 1.5 grams, and the diameter was 15 mm.

The denomination of this coin was indicated on the reverse with the sign V or V. Also on reverse the goddess Victoria was depicted, and on the obverse portrait of the emperor. It is interesting that it was in these coins that the salaries of the Roman legionnaires were paid.

To add quinarium to your collection, you must pay price about 70 US dollars. Shipping costs are usually also the responsibility of the buyer.

Sestertius

This coin cost only 2 asses and was made of silver for a long time, but after Emperor Augustus it began to be minted from brass.

The denomination was designated "IIS". On the obverse depicted an ancient Roman god, and on reverse the emperor was minted. There was a small decorative border on both sides, but due to technological features, it was not around the entire circle of the coin. Each such coin weighed approximately 11 grams and its diameter was 24-26 mm.

Today average price on the market for sesterces is 180 dollars.

Semi-victorial

Semi-victory is smallest silver coin Ancient Rome.

On it, unlike Victoriat, on the obverse Apollo was depicted on reverse a portrait of the emperor remained. This coin was worth ½ denarius and the letter “S” was used to denote the denomination. Today is his price is approximately 140 dollars.

Gold coins of Rome

Gold denarius or aureus

On the obverse, as a rule, the image of the emperor was minted without any inscriptions, and on reverse there was the goddess Victoria. It is interesting that the first such coins were made only from high-grade gold, but over the 500 years of their existence, the quality of the raw materials has noticeably decreased, as well as the value of the coins themselves. This was connected with the ongoing financial reforms and devaluations.

Today buy a gold denarius possible for 10-12 thousand US dollars. Although, there are copies that cost up to $18,000.

Sesterces

Very popular gold coins were sestertii. They had denominations 60, 40 and 20. These banknotes were used to pay salaries to the Roman commanders-in-chief, as well as to make external trade payments. Most of these coins were of a propaganda nature.

They depicted emperors accepting the surrender of rebellious peoples or suppressing an uprising. On the other side was the profile of the emperor with a laurel wreath on his head. On most coins, the overlords faced to the right.

All golden sisters are different high quality and detailed drawing of the pattern. 60 sisters weighed about 25 grams, 40 sisters weighed about 20 grams and 20 sisters weighed 19.5 grams. The diameter of the coins varied from 32 mm to 41 mm.

To purchase such coins today, you need to pay quite a lot. Average price on the market is about $10,000. However, samples of average quality can sell for 7-8 thousand dollars.

Golden Quinarium

Another gold ancient Roman coin. It was small and light, so it was used to pay soldiers' salaries. This coin was easy to store and carry. Its size and weight were the same as that of a silver quinarium, but its value was much higher. 2 gold quinaria were equal to one aureus.

To purchase such a coin today, you need to pay price 5-7 thousand dollars.

Lat. denarium, proper: containing ten. Weight and coin in many countries. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. Mikhelson A.D., 1865. DENARIUS coin in ancient times. Rome from 269 BC to... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Denarius Dictionary of Russian synonyms. denarius noun, number of synonyms: 2 denarius (3) coin ... Dictionary of synonyms

DENARIUS, denarius, husband. Same as denarius. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Denarius (from the Latin denarius consisting of ten) is an ancient Roman silver coin of 10 asses, containing 4.5 g of silver, the minting of which began in the 3rd century. BC e. Modern monetary units get their name from the denarius. different countries dinars... ... Economic dictionary

Silver coinage Roman and then medieval unit. Pliny dates the first issue of Roman silver coins to 485 from the founding of the city (269 BC). In type and weight, the first D. of the Roman Republic are imitated (for commercial purposes) ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

See Denarius. * * * denarius (lat. denarius), 1) a silver coin in Ancient Rome, equal to 10 asses (then 16 asses). Minted from 269 BC. e. 2) Coin unit in some European countries in the Middle Ages. * * * DENARIUS DENARIUS (lat. denarius) ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Denarius- (from Latin deni ten by ten), Roman. silver coin, originally equal to 10 asses. It began to be minted, apparently, from the 2nd Punic War and initially had a mass of 4.55 g (1/72 lb). During the Empire, the mass of D. decreased (for example, with ... ... Dictionary of Antiquity

Ancient Roman silver coin... Numismatist's Dictionary

- (from Latin denarius consisting of 10) ancient Roman silver coin of 10 Ass. Started minting in 269 BC. e. and contained 4.55 g of pure silver. A number of countries that had close trade ties with Ancient Rome still retain their names... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Denarius, denarii, denarii, denarii, denarius, denarii, denarius, denarii, denarius, denarii, denarii, denarii (Source: “Complete accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak”) ... Forms of words

Books

• We are before us! , Monk Barnabas (Evgeniy Sanin). During archaeological excavations in the village of Pokrovskoye, a newly found ancient Russian marble slab with a unique mosaic goes missing. Stas Teplov, who graduated from school, main character stories...
• Denarius of Caesar, Drozdov Anatoly Fedorovich. What young man at 16 does not dream of fame? The young centurion Mark from the Gallic city of Lugdunum has every reason to believe in a happy destiny. He is young, handsome and noble. Only life in...

In the biblical stories about Jesus Christ, banknotes of the time when the Savior lived among people are mentioned more than once. These prosaic details of the gospel narrative very clearly show that sacred history is very closely woven into the earthly chronicle. Of all the fragments where the names of money appear, one is especially noteworthy - it not only contains the name of the coin, but also contains its description. We are talking about an episode where the Pharisees invite Christ to answer the question - should the Jews pay taxes to the Roman emperor? Having asked to bring a denarius and specifying whose image was on it, he uttered a phrase that became popular: “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”

This gospel quote can often be heard in the sense of “to each his own,” however, its meaning is much deeper. It became possible to comprehend all the subtleties of this expression thanks to the development of biblical numismatics - historical discipline, engaged in the study of ancient coins related to Sacred history. Over the past hundred and fifty years, many discoveries have been made in this science thanks to active archaeological research in Israel. According to the head of the numismatics department of the Israel Antiquities Authority, Donald Ariel, in the extensive collection of ancient coins found by archaeologists during this time, there are those very Gospel denarii with the image of Caesar.

Expert comment:

Denarius, translated from Latin - consisting of ten. This was the name of the Roman silver coin, first minted in 268 BC. new era and lasted four and a half centuries. Throughout history appearance These banknotes were changed several times - each ruler ordered his image to be imprinted on the coins. This tradition was also due to the fact that in pagan Rome it was customary to place religious symbols on money, such as the portrait of the emperor, since he was declared a deity during his lifetime.

Among numismatist historians, the Caesar denarius is considered to be a coin issued during the reign of Emperor Tiberius - it was he who occupied the Roman throne during the period of Christ’s earthly life. On front side This banknote features the profile of the emperor and the inscription “Tiberius Caesar Augustus, son of the divine Augustus.” The reverse depicts a seated female figure. It is generally accepted that this is Tiberius's widowed mother, Livia Drusilla, who also held the imperial title.

The time described in the Gospel was not easy for Judea - by this time the country had lost its status as a kingdom and became a Roman province. Jews were burdened with the obligation to pay taxes to the Roman emperor. A poll tax was introduced in the country, which many Jews perceived as coercion to religious veneration of a pagan ruler.

The Pharisees, representatives of the religious movement in Judaism, who insisted on the careful implementation of all rituals and traditions, were especially dissatisfied with this situation. And when the Pharisees addressed to Christ their question about whether it was permissible for a believer to pay a tax to Caesar, they set a trap for him that seemed impossible to avoid. If Jesus had answered in the affirmative, it could have been interpreted not only as an unpatriotic position, but also as a call to idolatry. A negative answer would look like incitement to disobedience to the authorities. The Pharisees could easily turn both of these things against Christ. However, they had no idea how wise the Savior’s rebuke would be. Its depth was already evident in the very request to show the Roman coin.

The denarius was first introduced into circulation during the monetary reform of 268 BC. e. . Its weight was set at 4 scrupules (approximately 4.5 grams) of silver and remained virtually unchanged during the Republic period. Fractions of the denarius were also issued - quinarius (2 scrupules) and sestertius (1 scrupula). The stability of the denarius gradually allowed it to become widespread and become one of the most authoritative coins throughout the Mediterranean, which greatly contributed to the strengthening of the economic influence of Rome.

Originally, one denarius corresponded to 10 copper asses. This is where the name of the coin comes from, which literally means “consisting of ten”, and its symbol is a Roman numeral X or X. Around 141 BC e. due to the decrease in the weight of the assa, the denarius was equal to 16 asses. During this period, 1 denarius was equal to the daily salary of a Roman legionnaire.

Medieval denarius

Denarius in Central and Eastern Europe

At the beginning of the 14th century, a silver denarius (Prague parvus) bit in the Czech Republic = 1/12 of a Prague grosz.

From the second half of the 14th century, a similar denarius began to be issued in the Kingdom of Poland = 1/12 Krakow grosz (since 1447 - 1/18 grosz). At first, the weight of the coin was 0.2-0.3 g, the silver standard was 200-400, in the first half of the 15th century the weight of the coin became 0.3 g, the silver standard dropped to 100-200.

After the unification of the coinage system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1580 and until the mid-17th century, the denarius became the smallest coin (with the exception of the short existence of the obol half-denarius coin). The denarius of Stefan Batory, broken at the Vilna Mint in 1581-82, with the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland on the obverse and the legend “ I DENARI MDL"(1 denarius ON) on the reverse, had a weight of 0.4 g, a diameter of 12 mm, the thickness of the coin was 0.3 mm, silver fineness - 94.

Modern denarii

Dinar, denar, deni and other derivatives of the word “denarius” in our time are called the monetary units of many Arab states, as well as countries that were part of Yugoslavia.

State	Currency name	Currency sign	Image	ISO 4217 code	Exchange currency	Her share	Image
Algeria Algeria	Dinar (Algerian dinar)	.د.جDA		DZD	Centime	1 ⁄ 100
Bahrain Bahrain	Dinar (Bahraini dinar)	.د.ب BD		BHD	Fils	1 ⁄ 1000
Jordan Jordan	Dinar (Jordanian dinar)	.د.إJD		JOD	Dirham	1 ⁄ 10
Iraq Iraq	Dinar (Iraqi dinar)	ID		IQD	Fils	1 ⁄ 1000
Iran Iran	Rial (Iranian rial)	﷼ IR		IRR	Dinar	1 ⁄ 100
Kuwait Kuwait	Dinar (Kuwaiti dinar)	.د.ك KD		KWD	Fils	1 ⁄ 1000
Libya	Dinar (Libyan dinar)	.د.لLD		LYD	Dirham	1 ⁄ 1000
Macedonia Macedonia	Denard	den.		MKD	Denis	1 ⁄ 100
Serbia Serbia	Dinar (Serbian dinar)	din. din.		RSD	Pair	1 ⁄ 100
Tunisia Tunisia	Dinar (Tunisian dinar)	.د.تTD		TND	Millim	1 ⁄ 1000

Biblical references

The denarius, being the main coin of the Roman Empire and its provinces, in particular Judea, is often mentioned in the New Testament.

Sum	Product / Service / Situation	Place in the New Testament
500 denarii	Forgiven debt	OK.
300 denarii	"Pound of pure precious myrrh" for anointing	Mk. ; In.
200 denarii	Bread for “five thousand men”, “so that each of them gets at least a little”	Mk. ; In.
100 denarii	Debt to an unmerciful debtor	Matt.
50 denarii	Forgiven debt	OK.
1 didrachm 2 denarii	Half-shekel annual temple tax	Matt.
	All-inclusive hotel fee	OK.
1 denarius	Annual poll tax (tax) paid to the metropolis (see Caesar's what is Caesar's)	Matt. ; Mk. ; OK.
	Daily wages for winegrowers	Matt.
	1 quinix (about a liter) of wheat	Open
	3 quinix barley	Open

Denarius symbol

Since the Roman denarius corresponded to 10 copper asses, its symbol was a Roman numeral X, which was sometimes crossed out so as not to be confused with a number, - X(in the Unicode standard this character occupies position U+10196 - 𐆖).

For a long time, the penny and pfennig symbols were the first letter in the Latin name of the coin - denarius. In England and English-speaking countries it was written in regular font - d, in Germany - German Gothic italic - ₰ . After 1971 (the introduction of decimalization in the UK), the penny is denoted by the letter p, the symbol of the German pfennig has hardly been used since the mid-20th century.

Dinars, denars and denis do not have independent symbols. To write them briefly, the usual abbreviations are used (see the table in the section “Modern Denarii”).

See also

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Notes

Links

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• The principalities of Litouska. Encyclopedia in 2 volumes - Minsk: Belarusian Encyclopedia, 2005. - Volume 1, p. 613.

Ancient Greek (archaic) Ancient Greek Ancient Roman (Republic) Ancient Roman (Empire) Ancient Roman (Provinces) Byzantine Middle Eastern Others See also

units A man in a frieze overcoat, raising his hand up, shouted: - Important! I went to fight! Guys, it's important!.. “It’s the owner himself,” voices were heard. “Well, well,” said Prince Andrei, turning to Alpatych, “tell me everything, as I told you.” - And, without answering a word to Berg, who fell silent next to him, he touched his horse and rode into the alley. The troops continued to retreat from Smolensk. The enemy followed them. On August 10, the regiment, commanded by Prince Andrei, passed along the high road, past the avenue leading to Bald Mountains. The heat and drought lasted for more than three weeks. Every day, curly clouds walked across the sky, occasionally blocking the sun; but in the evening it cleared again, and the sun set in a brownish-red haze. Only heavy dew at night refreshed the earth. The bread that remained on the root burned and spilled out. The swamps are dry. The cattle roared from hunger, not finding food in the sun-burnt meadows. Only at night and in the forests there was still dew and there was coolness. But along the road, along the high road along which the troops marched, even at night, even through the forests, there was no such coolness. The dew was not noticeable on the sandy dust of the road, which had been pushed up more than a quarter of an arshin. As soon as dawn broke, the movement began. The convoys and artillery walked silently along the hub, and the infantry were ankle-deep in soft, stuffy, hot dust that had not cooled down overnight. One part of this sand dust was kneaded by feet and wheels, the other rose and stood as a cloud above the army, sticking into the eyes, hair, ears, nostrils and, most importantly, into the lungs of people and animals moving along this road. The higher the sun rose, the higher the cloud of dust rose, and through this thin, hot dust one could look at the sun, not covered by clouds, with a simple eye. The sun appeared as a large crimson ball. There was no wind, and people were suffocating in this still atmosphere. People walked with scarves tied around their noses and mouths. Arriving at the village, everyone rushed to the wells. They fought for water and drank it until they were dirty. Prince Andrei commanded the regiment, and the structure of the regiment, the welfare of its people, the need to receive and give orders occupied him. The fire of Smolensk and its abandonment were an era for Prince Andrei. A new feeling of bitterness against the enemy made him forget his grief. He was entirely devoted to the affairs of his regiment, he was caring for his people and officers and affectionate with them. In the regiment they called him our prince, they were proud of him and loved him. But he was kind and meek only with his regimental soldiers, with Timokhin, etc., with completely new people and in a foreign environment, with people who could not know and understand his past; but as soon as he encountered one of his former ones, from the staff, he immediately bristled again; he became angry, mocking and contemptuous. Everything that connected his memory with the past repulsed him, and therefore he tried in the relations of this former world only not to be unfair and to fulfill his duty. True, everything seemed to Prince Andrei in a dark, gloomy light - especially after they left Smolensk (which, according to his concepts, could and should have been defended) on August 6, and after his father, who was sick, had to flee to Moscow and throw the Bald Mountains, so beloved, built and inhabited by him, for plunder; but, despite this, thanks to the regiment, Prince Andrei could think about something else, completely independent of general issues subject - about your regiment. On August 10, the column in which his regiment was located reached Bald Mountains. Prince Andrey received news two days ago that his father, son and sister had left for Moscow. Although Prince Andrei had nothing to do in Bald Mountains, he, with his characteristic desire to relieve his grief, decided that he should stop by Bald Mountains. He ordered a horse to be saddled and from the transition rode on horseback to his father’s village, in which he was born and spent his childhood. Driving past a pond, where dozens of women were always talking, beating rollers and rinsing their laundry, Prince Andrei noticed that there was no one on the pond, and a torn raft, half filled with water, was floating sideways in the middle of the pond. Prince Andrei drove up to the gatehouse. There was no one at the stone entrance gate, and the door was unlocked. The garden paths were already overgrown, and calves and horses were walking around the English park. Prince Andrei drove up to the greenhouse; the glass was broken, and some trees in tubs were knocked down, some withered. He called out to Taras the gardener. Nobody responded. Walking around the greenhouse to the exhibition, he saw that the wooden carved fence was all broken and the plum fruits were torn from their branches. An old man (Prince Andrei saw him at the gate as a child) sat and weaved bast shoes on a green bench. He was deaf and did not hear Prince Andrei's entrance. He was sitting on the bench on which the old prince liked to sit, and near him was hung a stick on the branches of a broken and dried magnolia. Prince Andrei drove up to the house. Several linden trees in the old garden had been cut down, one piebald horse with a foal walked in front of the house between the rose trees. The house was boarded up with shutters. One window downstairs was open. The yard boy, seeing Prince Andrei, ran into the house. Alpatych, having sent his family away, remained alone in Bald Mountains; he sat at home and read the Lives. Having learned about the arrival of Prince Andrey, he, with glasses on his nose, buttoned up, left the house, hastily approached the prince and, without saying anything, began to cry, kissing Prince Andrey on the knee. Then he turned away with his heart at his weakness and began to report to him on the state of affairs. Everything valuable and expensive was taken to Bogucharovo. Bread, up to a hundred quarters, was also exported; hay and spring, extraordinary, as Alpatych said, this year’s harvest was taken green and mowed - by the troops. The men are ruined, some also went to Bogucharovo, a small part remains. Prince Andrei, without listening to him, asked when his father and sister left, meaning when they left for Moscow. Alpatych answered, believing that they were asking about leaving for Bogucharovo, that they left on the seventh, and again went on about the shares of the farm, asking for instructions. – Will you order the oats to be released to the teams against receipt? “We still have six hundred quarters left,” Alpatych asked. “What should I answer him? - thought Prince Andrei, looking at the old man’s bald head shining in the sun and reading in his facial expression the consciousness that he himself understood the untimeliness of these questions, but was asking only in such a way as to drown out his own grief. “Yes, let go,” he said. “If you deigned to notice disturbances in the garden,” said Alpatych, “it was impossible to prevent: three regiments passed through and spent the night, especially the dragoons.” I wrote down the rank and rank of commander to submit the petition. - Well, what are you going to do? Will you stay if the enemy takes over? – Prince Andrei asked him. Alpatych, turning his face to Prince Andrei, looked at him; and suddenly raised his hand with a solemn gesture. “He is my patron, his will be done!” - he said. A crowd of men and servants walked across the meadow, with their heads open, approaching Prince Andrei. - Well, goodbye! - said Prince Andrei, bending over to Alpatych. - Leave yourself, take away what you can, and they told the people to go to Ryazan or Moscow Region. – Alpatych pressed himself against his leg and began to sob. Prince Andrei carefully pushed it aside and, starting his horse, galloped down the alley. At the exhibition everyone is as indifferent as a fly on the face dear dead man, the old man was sitting and banging on the block of his bast shoes, and two girls with plums in their hems, which they had picked from the greenhouse trees, ran from there and stumbled upon Prince Andrei. Seeing the young master, the eldest girl, with fear expressed on her face, grabbed her smaller friend by the hand and hid with her behind a birch tree, not having time to pick up the scattered green plums. Prince Andrei, frightened, hastily turned away from them, afraid to let them notice that he had seen them. He felt sorry for this pretty, frightened girl. He was afraid to look at her, but at the same time he had an irresistible desire to do so. A new, gratifying and calming feeling came over him when, looking at these girls, he realized the existence of other, completely alien to him and just as legitimate human interests as those that occupied him. These girls, obviously, passionately desired one thing - to carry away and eat these green plums and not be caught, and Prince Andrei wished with them the success of their enterprise. He couldn't help but look at them again. Believing themselves to be safe, they jumped out of the ambush and, squealing something in thin voices, holding their hems, ran merrily and quickly through the grass of the meadow with their tanned bare feet. Prince Andrei refreshed himself a little by leaving the dusty area of ​​the high road along which the troops were moving. But not far beyond the Bald Mountains, he again drove onto the road and caught up with his regiment at a halt, near the dam of a small pond. It was two o'clock after noon. The sun, a red ball of dust, was unbearably hot and burned my back through my black frock coat. The dust, still the same, stood motionless above the chatter of the humming, stopped troops. There was no wind, and while driving across the dam, Prince Andrey smelled of mud and the freshness of the pond. He wanted to get into the water - no matter how dirty it was. He looked back at the pond, from which came screams and laughter. The small, muddy, green pond had apparently risen about two quarters high, flooding the dam, because it was full of human, soldier, naked white bodies floundering in it, with brick-red hands, faces and necks. All this naked, white human meat, laughing and booming, floundered in this dirty puddle, like crucian carp stuffed into a watering can. This floundering was filled with joy, and that is why it was especially sad. One young blond soldier - Prince Andrei knew him - of the third company, with a strap under his calf, crossing himself, stepped back to take a good run and splash into the water; the other, a black, always shaggy non-commissioned officer, waist-deep in water, twitching his muscular figure, snorted joyfully, pouring water over his head with his black hands. There was the sound of slapping each other, and squealing, and hooting. On the banks, on the dam, in the pond, there was white, healthy, muscular meat everywhere. Officer Timokhin, with a red nose, was drying himself on the dam and was ashamed when he saw the prince, but decided to address him: - That’s good, your Excellency, if you please! - he said. “It’s dirty,” said Prince Andrei, wincing. - We'll clean it up for you now. - And Timokhin, not yet dressed, ran to clean it. - The prince wants it. - Which? Our prince? - voices spoke, and everyone hurried so much that Prince Andrey managed to calm them down. He came up with a better idea to take a shower in the barn. “Meat, body, chair a canon [cannon fodder]! - he thought, looking at his naked body, and shuddering not so much from the cold as from an incomprehensible disgust and horror at the sight of this huge number of bodies rinsing in the dirty pond. On August 7, Prince Bagration in his Mikhailovka camp on the Smolensk road wrote the following: “Dear sir, Count Alexey Andreevich. (He wrote to Arakcheev, but knew that his letter would be read by the sovereign, and therefore, as far as he was capable of this, he thought about his every word.) I think that the minister has already reported on leaving Smolensk to the enemy. It’s painful, sad, and the whole army is in despair that the most important place was abandoned in vain. I, for my part, asked him personally in the most convincing way, and finally wrote; but nothing agreed with him. I swear to you on my honor that Napoleon was in such a bag as never before, and he could have lost half the army, but not taken Smolensk. Our troops fought and are fighting like never before. I held 15 thousand for more than 35 hours and beat them; but he didn’t want to stay even 14 hours. This is shameful and a stain on our army; and it seems to me that he himself should not even live in the world. If he reports that the loss is great, it is not true; maybe about 4 thousand, no more, but not even that. Even if it’s ten, there’s war! But the enemy lost the abyss...

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Delivery

We ship all orders within 24 hours of order creation. When picking up from our office, the order will also be ready within 24 hours from the moment the order is created.

After receiving your order, you can return it in whole or in part within 30 days from receipt if you do not like it (for any reason).

Select a receipt method:

Delivery by Russian Post Pick up the order from a parcel terminal or pick-up point (POP) PickPoint Pickup from our office in Moscow Delivery by our courier to your door inside the Moscow Ring Road (Moscow) Delivery outside Russia Delivery to your door (SDEK) Payment upon receipt Prepayment online Payment with bonuses RRcoin

Delivery by this method is carried out to all cities of the Russian Federation, including the most remote cities and villages.

You can place an order and come pick it up at the Russian Post office nearest to you, indicating the code of this office when placing your order.

The order will be transferred to Russian Post within 24 hours after placing the order. Immediately after this, you will receive an SMS and email with a tracking number by which you can track the location of the parcel on the website http://pochta.ru. As soon as the parcel arrives at the Post Office, you will receive another SMS and email informing you that the parcel can be picked up. You will see the approximate delivery time when placing your order.

Russian Post stores parcels for 14 days, so we recommend picking up your order no later than 14 days from the date of receipt of the SMS/email. To receive the parcel you will need a passport.

Delivery costs are calculated automatically on the checkout screen as soon as you enter the branch code where you want to receive your order. The delivery price depends on the location of the Post Office, the weight of the order and payment methods.

If you collect a basket from 5000 rubles, then delivery will be free. The maximum basket for this method of receipt is 50,000 rubles (if the amount is higher, other methods are available: PickPoint, SDEK, EMS).

Pros: delivery even to the most remote regions to which other transport companies do not deliver. Cons: long (compared to delivery by courier or PickPoint) and often turns out to be a little more expensive than PickPoint.

In addition to the Russian Post network, a similar transport company operates in the Russian Federation, represented in all major cities: PickPoint. The company has 3,416 delivery points and parcel terminals in 540 cities in Russia. The network works on the same principle as the Russian Post: you need to come to the pick-up point or to the parcel locker and pick up your order. The difference with Russian Post is that orders are delivered faster through PickPoint than through Post, and the price is often cheaper than through Post. Therefore, if you live in a large city and see this method of receiving an order when placing an order, we recommend choosing it. This is the optimal combination of convenience of receipt, delivery price and delivery speed.

After placing the order, the order will be transferred to PickPoint within 24 hours, about which you will receive an SMS and email message with a track number by which you can track the location of the parcel. As soon as the parcel arrives at the pick-up point/postamat, you will receive an SMS informing you that the order can be picked up. The shelf life of an order at a parcel locker is 3 days, but it can be extended after mobile application PickPoint.

Pros: fast delivery, delivery price is comparable to Russian Post, no need to wait for the courier to arrive, you can pick up your order at the nearest parcel locker/pickup station and pick it up at a convenient time. Disadvantages: not available in all small towns/villages/villages of Russia.

Order delivery mode: daily from 09:00 to 20:00 Moscow time. Holidays: December 31, January 1 and 2 (orders are not issued). From January 3 inclusive, we issue orders daily as usual.

Office address: 127055, Moscow, metro station Mendeleevskaya, st. Novoslobodskaya, 20, floor 4, office 410.

The order will be ready within 24 hours after placing it, you will receive an SMS and email message as soon as you can come to pick up your order.

The shelf life of an order without prepayment is 7 days, after which the order will be canceled and you will receive an SMS and email that the order has been cancelled. A prepaid order will be stored for at least 1 month.

You can pay for your order by bank card or cash on site.

Pros: no need to pay for delivery. Cons: you need to go yourself to order.

If you live in Moscow and can accept your order inside the Moscow Ring Road, then we will deliver it using our own courier service. Within 24 hours after placing your order, the courier will contact you to clarify the details of the order. Delivery will be made the next day after ordering.

If you collect a basket over RUR 5,000, delivery will be free.

Pros: most quick way delivery to your door, no need to go anywhere to receive your order. Cons: available only in Moscow inside the Moscow Ring Road, you need to be at the agreed place when the courier arrives (at the agreed time) to receive your order from him.

We deliver orders to all countries using the EMS transport company. However, payment for the order upon receipt is not possible. You must pay for your order via PayPal to receive it. We also do not ship items over 100 years old overseas, unfortunately this is illegal.

If you want to receive your order faster and live in a large city, then door-to-door delivery through the transport company SDEK will be available to you.

After placing the order, the order will be transferred to the transport company within 24 hours, about which you will receive an SMS and email message with a track number by which you can track the location of the parcel. Next, the courier will contact you at the specified phone number as soon as the parcel arrives in your city and coordinate the delivery time to the specified address.

If you place a large order (from RUR 50,000), you will only have access to SDEK courier delivery to your door. If you collect a basket from 10,000 rubles, this method of receiving will be free.

Pros: fast delivery method to any large city RF. Cons: the price is the highest among all methods of obtaining, and you will also have to specified address when the courier arrives with the order (at the agreed time).

Select payment method:

Payment upon receipt Prepayment online Prepayment with bonus points (RRcoins)

When delivering an order within the Russian Federation, you can pay for it when you receive it. Moreover, if you receive an order through the delivery of transport companies, then the transport company takes an additional commission for accepting money from you. This commission is included in the delivery price.

To reduce the delivery price, you can choose another payment method: online prepayment - this way the delivery price will decrease.

If you are in Moscow or near Moscow, you can further reduce the delivery price by choosing pickup from our office (absolutely free receipt order) or delivery by our courier within the Moscow Ring Road.

You can prepay your order, thus reducing the delivery price (due to the absence of additional commissions for the transport company). Online prepayment is made through the Yandex.Kassa system. You can make an advance payment online in the following ways:

By bank card: Visa, MasterCard, MIR, Maestro;

Through Internet banking: Sberbank Online, Alfa Bank, Promsvyazbank, ERIP;

Apple Pay, Android Pay;

Electronic money: Yandex.Money, WebMoney, QIWI;

In cash in the networks Comepay, Svyaznoy, Euroset (up to 15,000 rubles).

Payment is credited instantly. When payment is received, you will immediately receive an electronic receipt to your email address. The order is assembled within 24 hours after payment. If the order is not paid within 24 hours from the moment of creation, it will be disbanded, about which you will receive a message via email and SMS.

If you are already our client and are authorized in personal account, and you have a sufficient number of bonus points (1 RRcoin = 1 ruble) to pay for the entire order, then you can choose this method and pay the entire amount of the order with bonus points.